@article{ author = {Karimi, Mohammadreza and Mo`menizadeh, Jamal}, title = {The Relation between the Concept of Creature and Grace in Religious Teachings with an Emphasis on the Transcendent Wisdom}, abstract ={Abstract: From the perspective of the transcendent wisdom, God is the source of eternal and everlasting grace. The purpose of this essay is to examine the meaning of this grace and its relation to the creation of other beings in order to clarify the philosophers' positions on the subject of the universe. By this grace is meant the first thing that the title of the creature does not apply to, though it can also be applied to the development of the concept of the "creature". These cases, as well as the discussion that follows, illustrate the fact that scholars' minds do not share the same key concepts in the subject matter of the creation or the step of "creature", "world" and "grace" and provide evidence of the multiplicity of terms in the texts. This paper deals with the analytical-documentary method and by disambiguating the notions of the words "creature", "grace" and "the universe", it makes the clarity of the complex and challenging issue of the universe and step more clear. Keywords: Religious Teachings, Divine Grace, Creature, World, First Issue, Hadith and Qadim    }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {60}, pages = {7-18}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-963-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-963-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {As`adi, Mohamm}, title = {The Method of Theological Hermeneutic of the Quranic Allegoricals, Mutashabihat, with Giving Inspiration Based on the Concept of Those Firmly Grounded in Knowledge, Rasikhuni fi `l Ilm}, abstract ={Abstract: The concept of Rasikhuni fi `l Ilm in verse 7 of Ale Imran and their relation to hermeneutics among Islamic scholars has been followed by different views, and in particular Muslim theologians have taken different approaches to the hermeneutics of the Qur'anic allegorical. In this paper, with the qualitative discourse analysis, having proposed the problem, relying on a gradational perspective of Rasikhan's semantics, being regarded negatively and affirmatively, in the verse mentioned above, which has rarely been discussed in previous approaches, the theological hermeneutic method of allegorical has been searched and a new opening in general principles. On this basis, negatively regarded, the three principles of purifying God from human imaginaries, purifying God from indecent actions and negating likening the unseen worlds to sensible one; regarding it positively, the five principles including understandability of allegorical verses, the guidance role of Quranic indications as those clearly understandable, passage method of traditions, emphasis on reasonable proofs and, finally, paying attention to literature points. Keywords: Theological Hermeneutics, Verse 7 of Ale Imran, Clearly Understandable, Allegory, Those Firmly Grounded in Knowledge.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {60}, pages = {19-30}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1177-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1177-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Dowlatabadi, Morvah and Khademi, Einollah}, title = {An Explanation of the Problem of Prayer as Viewed by Fakhr Razi with Regard to His Most Notable Anthropological Foundations}, abstract ={Abstract: When explaining the issue of prayer in Fakhr Razi`s view, one must not overlook his anthropological foundations. Determinism and free will, immateriality of human soul and human perfection are most notable foundation that affect the problem of prayer. What has Fakhr viewed in these anthropological issues, would direct the analysis of the problem of prayer typically. The findings of the study show that, despite the orderless ruling Fakhr votes in these matters, human free wiil and immateriality of human soul may be supported and on the basis of them the issue of prayer should be explained . Also, Fakhr's comprehensive view of human perfection and studying it from different angles has a great impact on the interpretation of prayer. In this article, in light of these anthropological foundations of Fakhr Razi, the question of prayer is explained. Keywords: Fakhr Razi, Anthropology, Prayer, Determinism, Free Will, Perfection, Immateriality of Human Soul.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {60}, pages = {31-42}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1094-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1094-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {rezaeiHaftador, Hasan and Nasirian, Safar}, title = {A Critical Study of Amritsari and Chakaralvi`s Opinions for the Quranic Sufficiency against Tradition}, abstract ={Abstract: Although the Prophet (S) had prophesied and rejected the Quranic sufficiency from tradition before it was institutionalized by his successors of rule, with the hadith of Erika, in the last century, after many ups and downs, it was developed by two influential thinkers of the Indian subcontinent, Abdullah Chakaralvi and Khwajeh Ahmad Amritsari. Therefore, the present study has intended to evaluate the Quranic views of these two meta-continental thinkers in a descriptive-critical manner. In this regard, the findings of the study are as follows: The three arguments presented by these two thinkers in justifying their view are as follows: The Qur'an is a divine revelation, contrary to the tradition; the Prophet`s part lies in communicating the Divine revelation only not in communicating the tradition. All religious rules ma be understood by the holy Quran and there is no need to the tradition. Keywords: Qur'anic Sufficiency, Being against Tradition, Amritsari, Chakraralvi, Indian Subcontinent.    }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {60}, pages = {43-56}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1211-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1211-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Abbasi, Behnam and Saberi, Hosein and MirNoorbakhsh, Seyyed Mahmoo}, title = {A Study of Historical Changes of the Phrase Religious Necessary in Imamiyeh Fiqh}, abstract ={Abstract: A survey of historical changes of the phrase "necessary" in Imamiyyah denomination is of great importance. Such being the case, it is necessary to analyze how the term ' religious necessaries' has appeared and taken various meanings. This paper is an analytic-descriptive one, based on the fact that the place of necessaries in religion is higher than theological and jurisprudential arguments, and above consensus, and is applied to such facts needless of any proof. It has been concluded that the phrase is a new one not being used before Ibn Idris in the field of theology and jurisprudence. It was first applied by Muhaqqiqi Helli; after Muhqqiqi Helli and Allameh Helli it became a current phrase mong the later faqihs with its most usage by the author of Al-Jawahir. Intending to prevent currency of takfir and limitedness of ijtihad, contemporary scholars have limited the field of its usage. Keywords: Necessary, Jurisprudence, Denial of Necessary, Necessary in Denomination, Necessary in Religion.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {60}, pages = {57-68}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1005-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1005-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Qorbani, Roohollah and Hoseini, Seyyed Hamid and Taheri, Ali and Fereidooni, Mohammadrez}, title = {The Ocurrences of Divine Attributes in Oblique Remarks of Sahifeh Sajjadiyeh (with an Approach to Deepening Religious Knowledge)}, abstract ={Abstract: Sahifah Sajjadiyeh is one of the most important heritage of the Ahlul Bayt school. Imam Sajjad (a.s.), using his interpretations and capacity, has offered theological topics including the attributes of God in the prayers of this magnificent Sahifah. This article explores the impact of the concepts of God in explaining the attributes of God in the Sahifeh Sajadiyyah and demonstrates which of its implications are most applicable. The data are analyzed using descriptive-analytical method to achieve deeper layers of concepts. Research findings show that using the concept of oblique remark in Sahifiyyah Sajjadiyah leads to imagine abstrac meanings of the Attributes, to a mental strive to understand the truth and facilitates the reach of the audience to the lower layers of meaning. Out of 123 oblique remarks in Sahifeh, 12 cases are about the Divine essential Attributes, action Attributes and statement Attributes. Keywords: Analysis of Oblique Remark, Sahifeh Sajjadiyyah, Religious Knowledge, Attributes of God, Semantic.    }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {60}, pages = {69-80}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1018-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1018-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Behzad and Amani, Meisam}, title = {The Quality of Rijat from Shah Abadi`s View}, abstract ={Abstract: Qazvini's and Shah Abadi's views on the issue of rij`at are philosophical and documented by Mulla Sadra's transcendent wisdom. In this descriptive-analytical research method, this paper addresses the question how of rij`at? Research findings show that Rafiee Qazvini believes that the quality of rij`at is achieved by the return of the unsure, elemental, body. According to Qazvini, the realization of the existential effects of the infallible in perfecting and cultivating human souls would be necessary if it were not done with an elemental body, but Shahabadi believes that rij`at is not with a material body but with a purgatory body and humans see the bodies with absolute senses other than limited ones. They are bound to be able to see this eternal hell. Shah Abadi, relying on the two teachings of  the scientific Quran and Prophet`s household and three attributes of grace, power and guidance, seeks to prove the purgatory state of rij`at. Keywords: Rij`at, Rij`at Quality, Shahabadi, Rafiei Qazvini, Rashahat al-Bihar.    }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {60}, pages = {81-92}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-971-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-971-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Sohrabifar, Mohammadtaqi}, title = {Human Destiny as Something Undetermined in Traditional Sources}, abstract ={Abstract: According to some verses and traditions, human fixed fate may not be agreed with, and what under the titles of fate and destiny may not be taken as something fixed and unchangeable. God actualizes destinies gradually during human life. In other words, one may not imagine that God has eternally determined the destiny of all things and became free from all things, and His only work has lied in matching daily events with the definitive written text. Divine Direction and Divinity include all human life go and He bestows His gifts upon creatures. The finding can be proved by the narrative method. For example, the doctrine of taqdir at the night of Qadr, the durability of Divine Direction, the stages in which the Divine actions occur, and some hadiths support the finding. Keywords: Inevitable Destiny, Fate, Bada`a, Certainty, Bing of Much Grace.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {60}, pages = {93-102}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1088-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1088-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Moosavand, Mohsen and Nasiri, Ali and Dejabad, Hame}, title = {A Critical Study of the View of Contemporary Opponents of Clear Text-Based Imamate with an Emphasis on Imam Ali`s Imamate}, abstract ={Abstract: Religious alternative thinkers and their critiques of the Islamic tradition is one of the most important issues in the study of contemporary Islamic thought. As they claim to fight against superstitions, they have viewed against Shiite beliefs as being in conflict with the Qur'an. The problem opposed with this article is that the current movement, relying on numerous verses of the holy Quran tries to challenge Shiite theory of Imamate as being opposed to the Qur'an. This paper attempts to study and critique the three basic forms of dissent in Imamate by using a descriptive-analytical approach and a Quranic-theological approach. The finding of the study is that their Quranic cases of the Qur'an do not substantiate their claim in the criticism of the Imamate and do not disprove the Imamiyyah belief in Imamate. Our method of study relies on their clear beliefs; such a method has not been used in the field. Keywords: Religious Alternative Thinkers, Clearl Text-Based Imamate, Abolfazl Borqe`i, Heidar Ali Ghalamdaran, Mostafa Hosseini Tabataba`i  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {60}, pages = {103-112}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1017-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1017-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Bahari, Zohreh and Yousofi, Mohammadtaqi and RostamiKia, Mojtab}, title = {The Capacity of Fundamental Methodology for Muslim Theologians` Critical Rereading against Darwinism}, abstract ={Abstract: In fundamental methodology, ontological, methodological, epistemological and ethical principles are examined. This article first examines the response of twelve Islamic theologians to Darwin's theory; then main issue of this paper, which is the capacity and benefits of fundamental methodology, with two other main methodologies, namely Ian Barbour and Ahad Faramarz Qaramaleki`s methodologis and methodology have been studiec comparatively with the library and analytical method. The important finding of this methodology in comparison with the other two mentioned lies in "comprehensiveness", "transparency", "Avoidance of Interpretation", "Avoidance of Reductionism" and forming the basis for establishing a "cognitive system" and "Forecasting for Recognition and knowledge Production". Such being the case, it can be used to place Divine foundations in place of atheists in Darwin's theory of evolution. Keywords: Methodology, Fundamental, Practical, Systematics, Evolution of Types, Muslim Theologians.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {60}, pages = {113-128}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1100-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1100-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Ja`fariHarandi, Mohammad and Musazadeh, Akbar}, title = {A Critical Study of Rationalism and Its Proofs from Contemporary Intellectuals` View}, abstract ={One of the intellectuals` controversies in the relationship between reason and religion is their adherence to the originality of reason or the autonomist reason separated from revelation. Using the criteria of the originality of reason, they have reinterpreted religion and, in fact, denied the truth of religion and its teachings. In the present article, by examining and studying the works of contemporary intellectuals, four reasons have been given for their claims, which are: denial of the original reason, pure instrumentalism of the intellect, existence of superior features in the originality of reason and traditional religion. Attempts have been made to examine these arguments in terms of content analysis. Ignoring the various functions of reason, denying the Shari'a and the functional view of religion, misrepresenting man and his rational abilities, as well as violating the Divine purpose of sending a messenger are among the criticisms against their claims. Despite these criticisms, this approach loses its effectiveness in the face of religion and revelatory teachings. Keywords: The Originality of Reason, Maximal Rationalism, Critique of the Originality of Reason, Intellectuals, Critical Rationalism}, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {61}, pages = {7-26}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-988-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-988-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Sadatinejad, Seyyed Mahdi and Movahhedinia, Mahdi}, title = {A Reflection of the Theological Foundations of Shiite Political Thought with ane Emphasis on Shaykh Mofid and Shaykh Mortaza Alamolhoda}, abstract ={ The issue of this research is the emphasis on "theology" and the articles of faith as the basis of Shiite political thought. According to this view, theological concepts such as prophecy, Imamate, occultation and guardianship of jurists create an ontological and epistemological framework that requires its own socio-political implications. The method of the present study is descriptive-analytical and text-oriented; their political thought and the foundations of Shiite political thought has been inferred based on the basic concepts in the theological texts of Sheikh Mofid and Seyyed Morteza Alam al-Huda as two central figures of Shiite theology. The most important findings of this study are the explanation of the basic characteristics of Shiite-based political thought, the main ones being the connection between the essential and structural tension of religion and politics, the focus of "duty" on political thought and action, and looking at politics as a bedrock. For the establishment of religion, for this reason, the Shiite political discourse emphasizes the need for attributes such as knowledge and infallibility for those in charge of government. Keywords: Political Theology, Sheikh Mofid, Seyed Morteza Alam al-Huda, Absence, Political Thought.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {61}, pages = {27-44}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1044-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1044-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Kalantari, Aliakbar}, title = {An Assessment of the Hadith: "Assa`du sa`dun fi batni ummihi wa shshaqiu shaqiun fi batni ummihi" and Its Connection with Determinism}, abstract ={The hadith "Assa`du sa`dun fi batni ummihi wa shshaqiu shaqiun fi batni ummihi" and how it relates to the idea of ​​determinism is the issue studied in this article by descriptive analytical method. Ash'arians, especially Fakhr Razi, consider this narration as one of the reasons why human actions are forced. Akhund Khorasani have considered it as one of the reasons why human happiness and cruelty are inherent. According to many Shiite and Sunni narrators and some philosophers, the meaning of this hadith is the same as the meanings of verses and narrations indicating divine judgment and destiny.for some religious scholars including Sheikh Tusi, Ziya` Uddin Eraqi and Ayatollah Borujerdi, the narration carries the same meaning of verses and hadiths that emphasize the attribution of the primordial knowledge of the Almighty to all matters, including the happiness, Unhappiness, and destiny of human beings. According to the findings of this study, the first view is rejected, the second view is indefensible, the third view is correct, but it can be gathered with the fourth, which has more reasons and evidence for its correctness. Keywords: Happiness, Unhappiness, Sa`id, of Happiness, Shaqi, of Unhappiness, Determinism, Free Will.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {61}, pages = {45-64}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1238-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1238-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Parsa, Alireza and Mohammadi, Naser and Khadari, Gholamhosein and Mollajavadi, Khalil}, title = {A Comparative Study of Sheikh Tusi and Ghazzali`s Views on the Place of Reason in Knowledge of God in the Realm of Human Expectation of Religion}, abstract ={[1] [2] [3] [4] What is the place of human reason and thought in the matter of human expectation from religion? Comparing Sheikh Tusi and Ghazzali`s views with an analytical-descriptive method, this article is an attempt to answer to this question. As found by the study, the two scholars played a key role in understanding human reason in the realm of knowing God, but did not say anything on the nature of reason and on the why of its wrong. As the scope of revelation and the teachings of the Shari'ah expand, the scope of the intervention and the influence of the intellect diminishes. For these two thinkers, reliance on reason alone is not enough without reference to revelatory teachings; Ghazali considers Divine knowledge obligatory through sharia, and Sheikh Tusi believes in the intellectual necessity of knowledge with the help of the prophets. Another result of the article is that; The innate sense of seeking God does not mean that it is self-evident. Finally, the serious challenge of the present age in the understanding of reason as a dignity among the dignities of the soul and the proof of the independent existence of the soul is pointed out. Keywords: Sheikh Tusi, Al-Ghazali, Reason, Religion, Knowledge of God, Revelation and Prophecy.   [1] . Associate professor at Payame Noor University. azhdar@pnu.ac.ir [2] . Associate professor at Payame Noor University. naser_mihamadi@.pnu.ac.ir [3] . Associate professor at Payame Noor University. g.khadri@gmail   [4] . Phd student at Payame Noor University. khalilmollajavadi@yahoo.com    }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {61}, pages = {65-86}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1221-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1221-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {KornasiDezfuli, Farkhondh and SaeediMehr, Mohammad and Barati, Farajollah}, title = {A Study of Mulla Sadra`s Quranic Documentations on the Divine Orders of Mind}, abstract ={[1] [2] [3] In Asfar, Mulla Sadra considers four levels for the mind of God. The issue of this article is to examine Mulla Sadra's Qur'anic citations and the harmony of his interpretations with the appearances of the verses and the prevailing views in Shiite interpretations. Because the levels of the Divine mind in the transcendent wisdom are connected with the levels of existence, and the truth of mind is the same as the truth of existence, it is simple and has real levels. Accordingly, with an analytical and citational method, we will have an overview of the types of the Divine mind, the how of the Divine mind of the levels and worlds of existence in the system of creation from Mulla Sadra's point of view. The findings show that Mulla Sadra tried to interpret the verses of the Qur'an as much as possible using his own rules of reason and innovation. Keywords: Levels of Divine Mind, Destiny, Tablet, Pen, Mulla Sadra.   [1] . Phd student at Islamic Azad University, farkhodehkornasi@gmail.com [2] . Professor at Tarbiat Modares University, saeedi@modaress.ac.ir [3] . Assistant professor at Islamic Azad University, Farajollah.barati@yahoo.com}, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {61}, pages = {87-104}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1369-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1369-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Shariati, Seyyed Mohammad Ali}, title = {Imamate and Strengthening the Cognitive Components of "Social Capital"}, abstract ={  [1] Today, social capital is very important, and its low level means that there is not enough social trust in society, and as a result, links in society are distorted and public morality is threatened, and the quality of life and social welfare are in crisis. In order to promote social capital in our country, it is necessary to present local theories in accordance with the structure and political and social conditions of our country and with a religious and value-based approach. In this article, using descriptive-analytical as well as historical-interpretive methods, it is important to note that Shiite Imamate, with its characteristics such as infallibility, knowledge and divine guardianship, while providing the best epistemological system of social capital in expanding and strengthening the most important cognitive components of social capital, that is, the component of trust and its two main branches, belief and trust behavior, are very effective. Keywords: Imamate, Wilayah, Shiism, Social Capital, Trust, Cognitive Social Capital   [1] . Phd at}, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {61}, pages = {105-126}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1404-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1404-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Rajabi, Abuzar and Abed, Saee}, title = {A Critical Analysis of the View of the Quran`s Comprehension with Regard to the Hereafter Based on the Book al-Quran wa al-Tashri`}, abstract ={<meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name=ProgId content=Word.Document><meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 15"><meta name=Originator content="Microsoft Word 15"> The comprehensiveness of the Qur'an, which is itself discussed under the function and realm of religion, has long been considered as one of the miraculous aspects of the Qur'an by Islamic thinkers and the Qur'an; though the usage of the term "comprehensiveness of the Qur'an" is a product of recent times, its content has been current with such titles as the inferred sciences of the Qur'an. Muslim commentators and theologians did not differ on the principle of the comprehensiveness of the Qur'an in the field of guidance and the provision of human needs for guidance; but they do not agree on the example, quality and comprehensiveness of the Qur'an and its rules. In the late field, we witness three approaches of moderation, maximum and minimum. In the book Al-Quran wa Al-Tashri', Sadok Belaid, by denying the maximum and moderate approach, considers the concepts and teachings of the Qur'an as individual and relates them to the afterlife of man. As explained in the article, in addition to ignoring the many verses of the Qur'an, explicitly referring to the effects of religion in social relations, he even ignores the practical history of the presence of the Holy Prophet of Islam in this area. In this article, with an analytical and documentary method, and with a critical approach, we examine his view in this book and defend the moderate approach in the field of comprehensiveness of the Qur'an. Keywords: Immortality, Comprehensiveness of the Qur'an, Minimal Approach, Moderate Approach, Legislation, Verses of Rules, Sadok Belaid.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {61}, pages = {127-146}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1081-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1081-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {AziziAlavijeh, Mostaf}, title = {A Critical Analysis of Corporeal Intellect from Ibn Taymiyyah`s View}, abstract ={Epistemological foundations in an intellectual system play a decisive role in its doctrinal notions. Salafi thought, especially Ibn Taymiyyah's views, arose from a sensual epistemological base; This means that "whatever is not tangible and imaginable is on no existence at all. Accordingly, Ibn Taymiyyah, in contrast to "abstract rationality", proposes "corporeal rationality". He believes that sense and imagination, like reason, can comprehend God's actions. Thus, the present study focuses on the question: What rationality the extreme ideas of Salafism, such as the embodiment of God and extremist textualism are based on? In this article, in the light of the analytical-critical method, we came to the conclusion that the most important function of the corporeal intellect is "the comparison of the absent based on that of present. " Ibn Taymiyyah blurs the line between feeling and imagination and illusion and reason, and suggests a combined rationality. Keywords: Corporeal Rationality, Ibn Taymiyyah, Salafism, Sensationalism, Embodiment, Absent Comparison with Present.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {61}, pages = {147-164}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1406-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1406-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Mehraki, Bahador and Rostami, Ebrahim}, title = {A Reflection of Avicenna and Khwajeh Nasir al-Din Tusi on the Detailed Knowledge of God}, abstract ={[1] [2] The main question of the present article is: What are the commonalities and differences between Ibn Sina's and Khawaja Nasir's approach to God's detailed knowledge? And to what extent have these two sages been able to answer the problem? According to the findings of the study, Sheikh al-Ra'is, based on the principle of causality and formality, proves and explains the knowledge of God in detail, but Khwajeh Tusi presents other theories by presenting objections to Ibn Sina's words about God's knowledge of small and changing beings; According to Khwajeh, God's knowledge of abstractions is attributed to specific external beings and to matter, in their forms in the intellect. One of the most important results of the present study, which was performed by descriptive-analytical method, is that: The presentation of these theories, despite the fact that it was incapable of proving the detailed knowledge that is the essence of God; But it paved the way for the acquisition of later philosophers such as Sheikh Ishraq in explaining the knowledge of God as action. Keywords: Divine Knowledge, Drawn Forms, Intellects, Material and Changing Beings, Detailed Fixed Knowledge   [1] . Assistant professor at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, dr.b.mehraki@gmail.com [2] . Assistant professor at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, rostamiebrahim67@gmail.com }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {61}, pages = {165-184}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-742-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-742-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Rahnamaie, Seyyed Ahm}, title = {The Lasting State of the Manifesto of the Second Step of Islamic Revolution Based on Innate and Theological Principles}, abstract ={The manifesto of the second step of the revolution has issued in two separate sections. at first, the blessings of the Islamic Revolution have been referred to in a sevenfold and, then, with a hopeful and promising, a seven set of recommendations has been given to preserve the Islamic Revolution and guarantee its bright and happy future. The article, relying on the first sevenfold, has tried to explain the innate and theological principles of this part. In this regard, the Qur'an and the narrations of the Infallibles (a), as the main sources, as well as the guidance of the late Imam and the Supreme Leader of the Revolution, as the main documents of the Islamic Republic, have been used. All the seven axes of the manifest are in accordance with human innate will and based on the theological principles of Islam. Thus, with an innate look is reasonably accepted for all those basing their mind and acts on innate at first and, then, it would be a reason and guide for those agreeing with the principles. The in this research, descriptive-analytical method with exploratory-inferential approach has been used to provide clear analysis of the mentioned bases based on Quranic and narrative evidences. Keywords: Fundamentals, Innate Principles, Theological Foundations, Second Step Manifest, Exploratory-Inferential Approach}, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {61}, pages = {185-204}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1183-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1183-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Shakerin, Hamidrez}, title = {A Critical Study of Dawkins\' Objections against Theism}, abstract ={Dawkins, a contemporary evolutionary biologist and one of the pioneers of modern atheism, while deeply believing in Darwin's theory of evolution and offering an atheistic reading of it, has devoted part of his efforts to presenting various objections agains the belief in the existence of God. The point of the forthcoming research is to examine and measure these objections. In this study, in terms of gathering, the library-documental method, and in terms of assessment, the analytical method have been used. The results of the research show that Dawkins was wrong in all these objections, he was caught in many fallacies, and contrary to his belief, the belief in the Almighty God is the best rational explanation in the world. Keywords: Theism, God of the Gaps, Dawkins, New Atheism, Explanation, Evolution.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {62}, pages = {7-20}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1437-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1437-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Maaref, Majid and Noroozi, Gholamrez}, title = {Orders and Limits of the Influence of Divine Names in the World as Viewed by Allameh Tabatabai}, abstract ={The influence of divine names and attributes in the events and affairs of the world is one of the philosophical and mystical issues on which the thinkers of Islamic sciences have offered different opinions using verses and hadiths. The purpose of this article is to analyze the extent and manner of the effect and relationship of names with each other from the perspective of Allameh Tabatabaei. They teach us the names that correspond to the external instances of the concepts, and the divine names and attributes, with the limits and degrees of their effect, are the mediators between the essence of truth and its artifacts. Also, the other findings of this article consider the names and attributes to be wide and narrow, which has caused the difference and distinction of their works from each other, and reveals the fact that the more general the name, its works in the wider world and blessings are revealed. It will be larger than its area. Keywords: Orders of Names, Attributes, Limits of Influence, God, Allameh Tabatabai}, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {62}, pages = {21-38}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-690-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-690-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {AbdoliMasinani, Marziyeh}, title = {A Methodological Analysis and Assessment of the Ḥikmī-Ijtihādī Model in the Production of Islamic Humanities}, abstract ={the ḥikmī-ijtihādī model is one of the possible models in the production of Islamic humanities, which produces Islamic science based on a theoretical framework and ijtihadi methodology. In the current situation that we are facing the dominance of secular humanities in the scientific space of the country, we need extensive research in the field of building an efficient methodological model in the production of Islamic humanities. Assuming the doctrinal, moral and cultural necessity of the production of Islamic science, this study has tried to study the ḥikmī-ijtihādī model in a descriptive-analytical method. Applying philosophy in the form of mixed philosophies, using the method of ijtihad in building schools and systems, Islamizing the three sides of the humanities, etc. are among the most important aspects of this view. Ambiguity among the methodological paradigms, problems in longitudinal and triple criteria of cognition and ambiguity in how to achieve the system and school, etc. are the most important aspects of the limitations of this model. Keywords: Methodological Assessment, Islamic Humanities, Abdolhossein Khosrowpanah, Ijtihādī Method, Ḥikmī-Ijtihādī Model.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {62}, pages = {39-58}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1102-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1102-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {MousaviAsl, Seyyed Ali and Behjatpour, Abdolkarim}, title = {The Relationship between Ultimateness, Khatamiyyat, and the Comprehensiveness and Establishment of a Religious Government in the View of Allameh Tabataba`i}, abstract ={Allameh Tabatabai's view on the issue of Khatamiyyat is intra-religious and is considered to be due to the comprehensiveness of religious laws. A comprehensiveness that is in full accordance with human nature, intellect and knowledge, and is evaluated with regard to human needs, including those of resurrection and livelihood. The main issue of this article is to discover the connection between Khatamiyyat and the establishment of a religious government from the perspective of Allameh Tabatabai. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method to find out how comprehensive Islamic laws work and how they are implemented in human life. The findings of the study show that he views the application of the comprehensive state of Islamic laws only in the shadow of the establishment of a religious government, with the execution of special powers to the Islamic governor on the one hand and granting the right of religious invitation to each individual to prevent deviation and degeneration on the other hand, as two main grounds for achieving perfection. Therefore, in his view, the secret of Khatamiyyat is the legislation of those comprehensive laws and such an execution simultaneously. Keywords: Khatamiyyat, Comprehensiveness, Government, Guardianship, Islam, Allameh Tabataba`i.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {62}, pages = {59-78}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-650-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-650-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {EslamiNasab, Hamzeh Ali and Parsaee, Javad and Maʿdanipour, Vali}, title = {The Embodiment of Deeds, Tajassum-i A`māl, from Sheikh Baha\'i and Allameh Majlisi`s Point of View}, abstract ={One of the most important issues of purgatory and resurrection is that of the embodiment of deeds, which has been discussed by philosophers, theologians and commentators. The question of the research is whether the embodiment of deeds means that all the rewards and punishments of purgatory and the hereafter are the same worldly deeds of man that are embodied and exemplified for him/her in different ways in the hereafter, or that there is no resemblance between the punishment of action and action itself but man will be rewarded or punished in the Hereafter for what he does in this world. Sheikh Baha'i and Allameh have two different and contradictory views on the embodiment of actions. In this article, by examining and explaining the views of these two prominent scholars on verses, narrations and rational arguments related to the embodiment of deeds, we have achieved the following results: Sheikh Baha'i believes in the sameness of the worldly deeds and the punishment of the hereafter. While Allameh Majlisi not views those believing in the embodiment of deeds as being outside the religion and the circle of Islam only, but, presenting various reasons, he considers its occurrence impossible also. Keywords: Embodiment of Deeds, Verses, Narrations, Sheikh Baha'i, Allama Majlisi.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {62}, pages = {79-98}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1042-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1042-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Ghiasi, Naqi}, title = {A Critical Study on the Proof of Ṣiddīqīn as Being Based upon the Verse 53 of Fussilat}, abstract ={There are various views among Islamic thinkers about the theme of that part of the verse 53 of Fussilat saying: "Doth not thy Lord suffice, since He is Witness over all things?" Many commentators have considered this sentence as a proof of the legitimacy of the Qur'an and the mission of the Holy Prophet (pbuh); From the viewpoint of a group of scholars, it signifies man`s knowledge by presence of God and His Oneness in Lordship, rubūbiyyat, and some philosophers have considered it as signifying the proof of ṣiddīqīn. This research is organized by the descriptive-analytical method with the aim of examining the third perspective. The finding of this research is that the mentioned verse is not in the position of proving the existence of God and there is no in-text or out-of-text guidance on this matter. In fact, the verse is in the position of establishing the legitimacy of the Qur'an and the correctness of the Holy Prophet's (pbuh) self-talk; Therefore, it is incorrect to say that the proof of ṣiddīqīn is in harmony with the above verse. Keywords: Verse 53 Chapter, Ibn Sina, Proof of Ṣiddīqīn, Ontology, Lordship Monotheism.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {62}, pages = {99-120}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1253-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1253-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Khajehpour, Kamal}, title = {The Quranic Promises in the Framework of the Causal System with an Emphasis on the Solution of Some of Breaches in the Field}, abstract ={Accepting the fulfillment of the Quranic promises on the basis of the causal system and analyzing them based on the ruling system of the world would answer many questions in this area. The present article uses a descriptive-analytical method to answer the question of how the Qur'anic promises can be justified within the framework of the causal system. And also the most important problem, namely the apparent breach of some of them, both in terms of causes and the caused. The results of the research show that the Qur'anic promises are fulfilled within the framework of the causal system ruling the universe and in fact there is no breach in them. Because, firstly, the element of human free will as a component of the complete cause has a major role in fulfilling the Qur'anic promises, and secondly, the generalization of the range of causes to natural, spiritual and supernatural and their substitution in fulfilling promises can justify apparent breaches in the area of ​​causes. Thirdly, the conflict of causes and their incompleteness justify the problem of breach and non-fulfillment of some promises. Keywords: Quranic Promises, Causal System, Authority, Substitutable Causes, Conflict of Causes}, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {62}, pages = {121-138}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1114-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1114-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Yaqoobkhani, Morteza and Ekradloo, Leila and Khoshfar, Mohse}, title = {The Role of Grammar in Explaining the Argument of Tamānu` with an Emphasis on the Verse 22 of Anbiyaʿ}, abstract ={The verse 22 of Anbiya' seeks to prove the oneness of God. It is mentioned in theological books as the argument of tamānu`. In this article, with a descriptive-analytical method, we deal with the issue of the role of grammar in understanding this theological verse. Understanding the verse depends on the meaning of the concept, and the inseparability of the condition and its answer, which is obtained through the knowledge of syntax. The findings of the research are: the relationship between condition and its answer and the relationship between the two in the holy verse and on the other hand, the one-sided requirement between the multiplicity of gods and corruption and Ibn Hajib's view of impossibility of the conditional sentence in this noble verse and meaning-erceiving from the verse, it all occurs by the role of grammar. The word "illā" as a modifier capable of omission is merely an emphasis on its modified noun (āliha). In denial of the plurality of gods, "illa Allah" is not of any effect and this syntactic analysis has been effective in strengthening philosophical interpretations. Keywords: The Role of Syntax, Theology, Conditional "Law", Exceptional, Argument of Tamānu}, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {62}, pages = {139-156}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1202-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1202-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {MahdaviNejad, Mohammad Hossein and ArabSalehi, Mohammad and Sadeghi, Aflatoon and Rostami, Mohamm}, title = {A Comparison Made between Faith and Reason in Nahj al-Balaghah}, abstract ={Nahj al-Balaghah, which is a case of the manifestation of the deep connection between faith and reason, in many of its propositions, rational explanation and philosophical approach is evident. Assessing the relationship between faith and reason from two dimensions: ontological, epistemological and examining the meaning, angles, origin and interactions of the two using the descriptive-analytical method in Nahj al-Balaghah, is the issue of this research. The findings of the research show that in Nahj al-Balaghah, one part of faith is related to feelings and emotions, one part is related to practical intellect and one another part is related to theoretical intellect, and unlike the Ash'arites and the Mu'tazilites who viewed respectively faith as only being on theoretical intellect and limited to practical reason, it includes both intellects, and the propositions concerning faith in Nahj al-Balaghah are compatible with rationality, and the prerequisite for believing is rationality. However, the share of practical reason in religious faith is greater. Keywords: Nahj al-Balaghah, Faith, Theoretical Intellect, Practical Intellect, Relationship.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {62}, pages = {157-176}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1287-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1287-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Mousavizadeh, Ruhollah and HamlehDari, Saeedeh and Ahmadifaraz, Mehdi}, title = {Spiritual Health in conflict with "Justice and Disease" with an Emphasis on Hardly Curable Patients (from the Perspective of Shahid Motahhari)}, abstract ={The Research Issue: The spread of disease, especially hardly curable diseases, has led to the emergence of emerging spiritual conflicts between patients and families. Meanwhile, the issue of "justice" plays an important role in creating these conflicts. Examine this topic in the form of questions such as "Why I? Why does God do this with me? Why now? "Why my child?" is of a widespread appearance in the field of spiritual health. The method of reviewing the article is qualitative of descriptive-exploratory-analytical. After communicating with patients and extracting their beliefs in the field of "justice", answers are provided by a philosophical analytical method. Results: The most important answer is that according to the system of causes, each disability exists only through its cause and no disability is an exception to this rule, so the course of the disease will also be included. The authors' extensive clinical experiences of hardly curable patients indicate comprehensive persuasion and, consequently, transition from spiritual distress to the true realization of the target group's spiritual health. Keyword: Justice, Divine Justice, Justice and Disease, Spiritual Health, Spiritual Conflict, Spiritual Distress.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {62}, pages = {177-194}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1444-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1444-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Saeedi, Mehdi and Hosseinizadeh, Seyyed Abdolmajid and Alamolhoda, Seyyed Ali and Hooshangi, Hossei}, title = {A Critical Study of Ahmad Khalafallah\'s Allegorical Attitude to the Language of the Quranic Stories with an Emphasis on the Neo-Sadrians` View}, abstract ={The symbolic attitude of the language of Quranic stories has been raised by modern thinkers such as Mohammad Ahmad Khalafallah. In this article, in an analytical-descriptive way, while pointing to the unrealistic approach to the language of religion and the historical propositions of religious texts in the Western world, the view of Ahmad Khalfatullah has been critically viewed firstly and, then, relying on the views of neo-Sadrian thinkers such as Allameh Tabatabai, Shahid Motahhari, Ayatollah Mesbah, and Ayatollah Javadi Amoli.  This view has been evaluated. Findings of the research show that the view of Khalafallah is in conflict with the  manner of those of reason and rational arguments such as the argument of wisdom and also is in clear conflict with the verses referring to the attributes of the Qur'an (such as Hakim, Aziz, Furqan) and the verses referring to the aims of the Qur'an. In addition, the stories of the Qur'an have both positive and negative attributes, such as the description of the truth, which negates the claim of Khalafallah on the stories of the Qur'an and clearly proves their realistic state. Keywords Stories, Myth, Language of Religion, Verisimilitude, Khalafallah, Neo-Sadrians.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {63}, pages = {7-28}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1482-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1482-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Ghanbarpour, Masoumeh and Raad, Ali}, title = {A Critical Study of Richard Bell\'s Views on Revelation and Prophecy with an Emphasis on Shiite Theological Principles}, abstract ={Richard Bell considers the Qur'an to be the product of the Prophet's personal experiences and thoughts on the spiritual poverty of the people of Mecca. This study has given a critical consideration on Bell`s view on the nature of revelation and prophecy analytically and descriptively. The research findings show that Richard Bell considers the nature of revelation as discovery and intuition and believes in the revelation`s state of being influenced by the culture of the time and in non-speech state of the Qur'anic words. And again, in the field of prophecy, he has given argument against infallibility of the Prophet in receiving and communicating revelation. He has viewed for the Prophets not being a Jewish, a Christian and ummi. Bell`s view is refuted by Shiite priciples of thought and as viewed by Shiites, the Quranic text, like its maaref, has been revealed from God and, contrary to what he said, the Prphet is taken as being infallible in receiving revelation and communicating it. Keywords Richard Bell, Quranic Revelation, Prophethood of the Prophet, Shiite Principles, Culture of the Time.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {63}, pages = {29-52}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1623-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1623-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Khosropanah, Abdul Hussein and Mo'meniShahraki, Hesamuddin and SalehiHafshjani, Mohammad Has}, title = {Critical explanation and analysis of authoritarian Islam}, abstract ={Dr. Abdul Karim Soroush, on the subject of the relationship between religion and power, is of the view that Islam is a violent religion and the God of Islam is a powerful and violent ruler. He has introduced the Qur'an as a frightening letter and Muhammad as an armed mystic and a power-hungry and authoritarian prophet. Soroush also called the prophetic government a violent and authoritarian government; Thus, according to him to champion the political and governmental imitation of the prophetic government in today's world is a blunder and dangerous, for it would lead to the formation of authoritarian and violent governments. The authors of the paper attempts to examine his account from two intra-religious and extra-religious perspectives. In dealing with this problem, the authors of the research paper have applied analytical-critical method. The research findings show that some of the claims made by Dr. Soroush are weak and baseless, including that; Soroush has chosen a special interpretation of history, that is, the structure of the authoritarian Muhammad, and has looked at historical Islam only through this lens. Moreover, contrary to his claim, the Qur'an is a collection of good news and warnings, and many verses in it signify love, mercy and affection. Keywords Abdul Karim Soroush, Authoritarian Islam, Prophet of Islam, Prophetic Government, Comprehensive Moderate Islam.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {63}, pages = {53-72}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1845-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1845-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Shokrollahi, Nader and Amiri, Khadijeh}, title = {Relationship between Revelation and Dream in Verses and Hadiths}, abstract ={The purpose of this article is to understand the nature of revelation on the basis of the relationships between dream and revelation as found in the religious texts and the ability to deduce from them. The method of studying this issue is interpretive-analytical, which, based on the appearances of religious texts on the relationship between revelation and dream and the sayings of commentators in this regard, seeks to find the possibility or impossibility of using dreaming for attaining knowledge of revelation. By the findings of this study some typological similarity and relationship between revelation and dream have been found as weakness of the external senses, the interpretability of some true dreams and revelation, and the revelation`s being sent in a dream. True dreaming is also considered a part of prophecy in religious texts. Accordingly, dreaming can help to attain some knowledge of revelation, and this method should be used, but in revelational attitude of dreams of fallacies such as the fallacy of "essence and quality", "magnification", "minimization", "allegory" may be formed. Keywords Revelation, Dream, Imaginary Power, Expression of Dream, Interpretation.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {63}, pages = {73-92}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1582-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1582-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Shad, Hamed and EmamiNia, Mohammad Rez}, title = {Being a Servant of God, Humiliation or Honor? A Rational Explanation Relying on the Verses and Hadiths}, abstract ={The main issue of the present study lies in the fact that God does not need man`s worship, but why did He command him to humiliate Himself? The answer is that humiliation before God is the very dignity and transcendence of man. This claim has been studied by philosophical explanation and descriptive-analytical method and has been proved by quoting verses and hadiths. This study has been founded on the philosophical teaching of  fully dependent existence of the caused in relation to its cause. While explaining this issue, it is explained that man is the act of God and of a fully dependent existence; And just as the existence of a relation is fully dependent on the existence of its corresponding independent cause, so the knowledge to the existence of the former is based on the knowledge of the latter. In this study, we come to the conclusion that man, by receiving the creational and legislative humiliations by God, becomes acquainted with the truth of his relationship, and consequently with the independent and needless nature of God. Since the realization of the present knowledge has no meaning without an existential unity of the knowing and the known, he finds a conscious existential connection with the independent existence of God and attains divine honor. Keywords Worship, Human Humiliation, Human Dignity, Linking Existence and Humiliation.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {63}, pages = {93-114}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1284-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1284-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Hamedani, Mustaf}, title = {Theories of Sociologists of Religion on the Origin of Religion with an Islamic Approach (A Paradigm Critique)}, abstract ={Sociological analysis of the origin of religion is one of the fields of extra-religious studies, the achievements of which are usually considered in opposition to intra-religious ideas. The problem of research is the evaluation of the findings of sociologists of religion from the perspective of religious thought. In this regard, with a descriptive-analytical method, the main axes of some religious sociological ideas have been evaluated according to the principles of Quran and Hadith. The research findings indicate that the most fundamental concerns that have led sociologists in the modern age to confront religion are based on the three axes of materialistic ontological paradigm, anti-revlational sensory epistemology and evolutionary anthropology. From a religious point of view, the unseen itself is an important and essential part of existence, and the intellect itself is an intra-religious argument; as understood in the study, man and religion may not be taken as a product of evolution. Rather, they both originate from the unseen and immaterisl world. Keywords Paradigm Critique, The Origin of Religion, Anti-Revlational Sensory Epistemology, Materialist Ontology, Anti-Rational State of Religion, Rational State of Religion.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {63}, pages = {115-138}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1158-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1158-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Azimi, Mohammad Reza and Abdolrahimi, Alireza and BehzadVakilabad, Faraj}, title = {A Comparative Study of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Professor Motahhari on Social Determinism}, abstract ={This article compares the theories of the great Islamic and Western philosophers, professor Motahhari and Rousseau on social determinism. The purpose of this article is to clarify the differences or possible commonalities in their views on social determinism. Therefore, this research has used analytical-descriptive method, using library studies and examining the works of these two philosophers, to study their arguments and foundations. The research findings show Rousseau's basics in the form of a triangle whose base is the originality of society. On the other hand, the principles of Motahari in the negation of social determinism are expressed in the form of five angles, in which the principle of nature has a fundamental role. Keywords Free Will and Determinism, Social Determinism, Professor Motahhari, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Destination.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {63}, pages = {139-164}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1558-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1558-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Nobari, Alireza and ReihaniNia, Mohammadali}, title = {A study of the Views of Sunni Theological Commentators on the Reflection of the Group of Infallibles in the Human Divisions of the Qur\'an on the Basis of Surah Al-Waqi\'ah}, abstract ={The Holy Quran has divided human groups into several cases. These human divisions are in line with the guiding and educational goals of the Qur'an. The question of this research is how the groups mentioned in the Qur'an reflect the Infallibles (AS)? This research, which has been done by library and descriptive-analytical methods, focuses on the division in Surah Al-Waqi'ah, the views of Sunni theological commentators such as Fakhr Razi, Zamakhshari, Samarkandi, Al-i Ghazi and Alusi with the interpretations of Shiite theological commentators such as Tusi, Tayeb and Tabatabai has evaluated to show how this interpretive approach has identified the groups in the verse. The results of this study show that in these interpretations, two general views about the case studies of the former and the close ones have the highest frequency. The first view was analyzed and accepted with different explanations and the challenges and drawbacks of the second view were expressed. Keywords Quran, Surah Al-Waqi'ah, Infallibility, Human Groups, Sunni Theological Commentators.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {63}, pages = {165-188}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1169-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1169-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Jian, Fatemeh and Sarvarian, Hamidrez}, title = {Resolving the Conflict and Relation-Finding of the Narrations of "Those of No Calamity", Fārigh Bālān az Balā, and the Rules of Ibtila`}, abstract ={Man's inevitable encounter with hardships and sufferings is one of the general divine Sunnah known as the law of ibtilā. Theologians have considered pain as a reflection of divine wisdom and have explained the why of evils. Some narrations refer to people who live in complete peace in this world and the hereafter; the appearance of these narrations contradicts the generality of the law of ibtilā, which has religious and intellectual support. The purpose of this study is to provide a correct concept of these narrations, in addition to resolving apparent conflicts, to suggest a solution to get rid of the sufferings ahead. Using the method of library and content analysis, this article tries to find the common ground between them and the pervasive law of ibtilā, while expressing the validity of the narrations of "those free from calamity" in the shadow of presenting the correct meaning of these narrations. The findings of the research show that the validity of the narrations of " those free from calamity " may not be refuted. The concept of "ʿāfiyat" mentioned in them contradicts its meaning in the eyes of the general public, scholars and other narrators, and is in line with the general law of ibtilā. Keywords Exam, Ibtilā, ʿAfiyat, Divine Laws, Those of No Disaster, Fārigh Bālān az Balā.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {63}, pages = {189-210}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1615-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1615-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Salimi, Bashir and emami, Saber and Salehi, Maji}, title = {An Analytical Study of Allameh Jafari\'s View of the Literature of World Writers in Explaining Religious Problems}, abstract ={The purpose of this study is to investigate how Professor Mohammad Taqi Jafari uses the works of world literature writers in explaining religious and moral issues. The method of this research is library-based and descriptive and its scope includes: Sharh Masnavi Manavi, Sharh Nahjul Balagha and Jafari`s art books. Findings show that the most frequently used works in this area by Professor Jafari has been those of Tolstoy and Victor Hugo, and on the other hand the works of people such as: Sadeq Hedayat, Kafka, etc. have not been used, because Professor Jafari believes that these works are in the field of absurdist literature. Also, considering that the description of Masnavi was written before the description of Nahj al-Balaghah, they have been overlapped in the use of literary examples and in some cases they are the same. It is suggested that considering the fact that among the commentators and commentators of religious sciences, no one like Mohammad Taqi Jafari has used literature and art in explaining religion, his works should be used more in the books of Islamic education departments of universities. Keywords Allameh Jafari, Art, Tolstoy, Victor Hugo, World Literature, Islamic Education Courses.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {16}, Number = {63}, pages = {211-234}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1435-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1435-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2020} }