@article{ author = {QadrdanQaramaleki, Ali and Gerami, Gholamhosein and PanahiAzad, Has}, title = {A Critical Study of the Theory of Tafkik and Rational Proofs for Materiality of Human Soul (With an Emphasis on Mojtaba Qazvini)}, abstract ={One of the important issues of philosophical psychology is that of immateriality or materiality of human soul. Philosophers and rational theologians defend of immateriality; yet narrative theologians and the followers of the Tafkikist view defend its materiality. Those of Tafkik, presenting the theory of "materiality of the soul as being a subtle body" have viewed in the field. They have used various rational arguments to prove their view. In this research, by a library-based method and by studying the works the Tafkikists, some evidences can be achieved and after analyzing the evidences, they can be put into two categories: one is "positive proofs" with different types of "the soul`s being different with science and reason", "connection with the spirits of the past" and "difference between the effects of the soul and those of the immaterial beings" and the other is "negative proofs" with the types of "perception of universal and simple beings by the soul", "intuitive knowledge of the soul to itself", "lack of the soul`s perception in sometimes" and "the soul`s being needless of material means". Reflecting on these arguments, it would be clear that they lack sufficient strength to prove the Tafkikist' claim; moreover, each of the proofs may be taken as being opposed with several criticisms.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {64}, pages = {7-26}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1487-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1487-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {AtaeeNazari, Hami}, title = {Occurrence of Attributes as an Argument for the Existence of God in Imami Theology}, abstract ={One of the old and lesser known arguments in Islamic and Shiite theology to prove the existence of God is an argument called the proof of the occurrence of attributes. In this argument, considering the occurrence of special attributes for bodies and also essential need of each spacio-temporal being to an immaterial creator, the existence of an immaterial creator, ie God, as the creator of the attributes of these beings is proved. The background and various interpretations and evolutions of this argument have not been studied in the history of Imami theology so far and little is known about this theological argument. Therefore, in the present article, following the Imami theological texts, its background, historical developments and various interpretations are recognized and explained, and finally, this argument is evaluated. The present study indicates that despite the incompleteness of this argument, some Imami theologians in different periods and schools of Imami theology have used different interpretations of the argument to prove the existence of God and have considered it as a complete argument.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {64}, pages = {27-44}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1689-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1689-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mirdamadi, Mojtaba and Ghorbani, Abbas and Ahmadi, Moslem}, title = {The Conformity of "Ya man dalla `ala dhatihi bi dhatih" with the Siddiqin Proof; An Analytical Study}, abstract ={The main issue of the present study is the conformity of "Yā man dalla `alā dhātihi bi dhātih" as mentioned in Du`aʿi sabāḥ with different expositions of the Siddiqin proof. The most important exposition has been examined by descriptive-analytical method; the findings of this research show that it can only be claimed based on Allameh Tabatabai`s exposition that this sentence refers to the Siddiqin proof. In this account, the necessity of existence has been based on the originality of existence and following this Divine necessity has been proved and it seems that this is the same meaning meant by Imam Ali (as) in the above mentioned sentence. But according to Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra`s statements, this sentence may not be counted as an example of the Siddiqin proof. What meant by Ibn Sina's is imkāni māhuwi and impossibility of circle or unlimited chain of causes and the caused have been used by him, and in Mulla Sadra's, philosophical principles such as originality and analogical state of existence and causal relation are used. In both expositions, the existence of God is relied on something other than Itself. Keywords Ṣiddiqin Proof, Dilālati Dhāt bar Dhāt, Du`aʿi Ṣabāḥ, Ibn Sina, Mulla Sadra, Allama Tabatabai.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {64}, pages = {45-60}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1555-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1555-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Qorbani, Hashem}, title = {A Critical Study of Semantic Relationship between "Du`aʿ" and "Desire" in Islamic Teachings and the Law of Attraction}, abstract ={In this study, by a comparative method and analyzing the components of communication, content, belief, motivation and tendency, semantic relationship of prayer, du`aʿ, in Islamic culture and "desire" in the law of attraction is discussed. Prayer is based on the components of which desire and faith are the pillars, but the most important concept in the law of attraction is desire. As understood by the findings of the study, prayer/desire and faith/belief may not be taken to be in agreement in Islam and the law of attraction. Prayer is based on rationally realistic and defensible ontological foundations, and epistemologically viewing, it seeks superior content and its goal is to promote human existence. Instinctive need, ontological poverty, knowledge`s state of being agent for awareness, transcendence-giving love, existential perfection-seeking and moral life are viewed as the foundations and requisites of prayer in Islam. But in the law of attraction, serious critiques against the foundations of "desire" can be proposed. In addition, it may not be defensible in terms of the purpose and dimensions of perfection-seeking. Keywords Prayer, Du`aʿ, Desire, Transcendence, Islamic Teachings, Law of Attraction}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {64}, pages = {61-82}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1477-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1477-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Rezaei, Mehran and BakhshandehBali, Abbas and BagherzadehLedari, Abdul Rahm}, title = {A Survey of "God\'s Childbearing" Based on Philosophical Arguments under the Verse 3 of Surah Tawhid (Based on Ibn Sina, Sadr al-Mutuallihin and Allameh Tabatabai`s Explanations)}, abstract ={God`s being of a child is of those attended issues in different religions and denominations. The question of the study follows as: what may one say about God`s childbearing on the basis of Ibn Sina, Mulla Sadra and Allameh Tabataba`i`s reasonable principles on the third verse of the chapter Tawhid? The method of the study is analytical and descriptive and the findings are offered in tables and logical propositions. On the findings of the research, Ibn Sina has based God`s impossibility of childbearing on the necessity of common nature of the father and the child; Mulla Sadra has proposed three proofs in the field of which the third is more defensible with regard to his philosophical foundations; while the first and the second are not defensible as not being correctly explained and not being in agreement with his principles of the departure movement. And Allameh has based the impossibility on God`s uniqueness of Existence. Keywords God, Ibn Sina, Mulla Sadra, Tabataba`i, Philosophical Explanation, Childbearing.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {64}, pages = {83-104}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1126-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1126-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Azizkhani, Ahm}, title = {The Role of Tawhid in Formulating the Late Imam Khomeini\'s Political Discourse}, abstract ={The concept of tawhid in Islamic thought is of such a central part that other concepts such as resurrection, prophecy and Imamate owe their meanings to it. This research claims that Imam Khomeini's political-theistic thought has been also derived from a theistic view of the world. The present research has dealt with the monotheistic nature of Imam Khomeini's political discourse with a descriptive-analytical method and in the framework of discourse theory. The findings of this study indicate that monotheism as a central signifier of Imam's political discourse has given special features to the discourse proposed by him, which in a positive dimension has led to different perceptions of other political thinkers about the concepts of freedom, justice and independence. The negative dimension has led to the demarcation with everything other than God, which results in self-belief and self-reliance. Keywords Imam Khomeini, Tawhid, Political Discourse, Otherness, Political Thought.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {64}, pages = {105-126}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1154-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1154-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Qazavi, Seyyed Hasan and Malekmakan, Hamid and Qazavi, Seyyed Mohamm}, title = {A Survey of Mu\'tazilite and Shiite Views on the Effects of Two Collateral Causes on One Caused}, abstract ={In this research, with an analytical-descriptive method, the effects of two collateral causes on one caused from the point of view of Mu'tazilites and Imamiyyeh as well as human ability and Divine power are studied. As is understood by the findings, The Mu'tazilites, including Abd ul-Jabbar, while believing in the primacy of human ability over action, also believe in the power of God over all contingent beings. But in the conflict between the power of God and the power of man over an action, they have considered only man as capable and have tended to delegation. In Imamiyyeh, some of the first theologians (from the companions of the Imams) consider both God and man to be capable in such a way that human ability is conditioned on the health of the limbs and joints and the health of the body, and the fulfillment of the action depends on the cause caused by God. . Some have agreed with the Mu'tazilites and some have spoken of God's power as being more effective than that of man. Contemporary theologians have defended both the power of God and the power of man by recognizing human power as being based on that of God. Keywords Imamiyyeh, Mu'tazilites, Effects of Two Collateral Causes, Power, Ability, Single Caused.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {64}, pages = {127-148}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1061-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1061-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Khajehgir, Alireza and IzadiDastnayi, Sus}, title = {An Explanation of the Concept of Sacred and Non-Sacred in Functional and Phenomenological Studies of Religion}, abstract ={The concept of sacred is one of the most widely used concepts among theorists of religious phenomenology and functionalism in the analysis of the roots and definition of religion based on the distinction between sacred and non-sacred. The main issue of research in this paper, with a descriptive-analytical method, is to examine the position, meaning and application of the concepts of sacred and non-sacred in the theology of these two schools with emphasis on the views of Durkheim, Otto and Eliade. The research findings show that in Durkheim's functionalism, the truth of religion is not belief in a supernatural god, but he considers the separation of the sacred from the non-sacred as the functions of society; But in Otto's phenomenology, the essence of religion is an experience of the sacred, which is uniquely experienced in a mysterious and terrifying way for every human being and has an indescribable transcendent quality. On the other hand, the process of religious symbolism and dialectics of the sacred is one of the most important concepts which has been considered in the phenomenology of the Eliade. Keywords Sacred, Non-Sacred, Phenomenology, Religion, Functionalism.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {64}, pages = {149-170}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1566-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1566-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {ImaniVali, Ali and Ahmadvand, Mohamm}, title = {An Explanatory Study of the Position of Women in the Thought of Contemporary Salafi Currents}, abstract ={The problem of the present research is to explain the position of women in the thought and practice of contemporary Salafi currents. The method of the study is a causal and library-based one. The problem of this research can be solved with regard to three points: 1. a study of the court Salafi that regulates its jurisprudential views with the strategies of the government, industrial jurisprudence and expediency, that is the precedence of political expediency over religious rules; 2. a study of the jihadist Salafi movement, which, with its uncommon fatawa, while criticizing the official Salafism, has a jurisprudentially centrifugal view on the issue of women and 3.  a study of the reformative Salafism which jurisprudentially viewed, its rules are in accordance to the taste of Shari'a and relies on fiqhi maqasidi, purpose-based jurisprudence. This view remains faithful to Shari'a and refrains from extremist and inhumanistic views in the field. The findings of the study emphasize the categorization of these views according to the validity of the type of jurisprudential view. In such a way that, despite their being common in the principles of epistemology, ontology and anthropology, in fiqhi maqasidi and fiqhi sana`ti, technical jurisprudence, different views towards women have been formed, influenced by socio-cultural status and historical geographical destiny. Keywords Woman, Jihadi Salafism, Court Salafism, Reformative Salafism, Thought.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {64}, pages = {171-192}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1607-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1607-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {RouhaniMashhadi, Farzaneh}, title = {A Critical Study of the Creational and Evolutionary Dualism Based on the Qur\'an}, abstract ={  In new theology, kalami jadid, the "theory of creation" is known as contrasted with the "theory of evolution"; Because in the theory of evolution, the stages of the emergence of life are explained naturally without any role by a conscious creator in it; In contrast, creationists insist on the agency of the conscious Creator. Meanwhile, some theist scientists proposed the theory of intelligent design to open a place for immaterial agents among natural ones. The question now is whether the Qur'an also considers the creation of beings as opposed to their natural creation and evolution. Based on the intra-histological analysis of the word creation, this study clarifies that the Qur'anic creation refers to the emergence of beings by arranging the components of an organ in a temporal and step-by-step manner with the intervention of natural agents; that is, all the stages of the organ formation are depend on the command and will of God. In fact, the view of creation in the Qur'an is a description of creation from a natural and evolutionary view, but the view of command, amr, or kingdom, malakut, is dedicated to the esoteric view of phenomena and the role of the Creator. This explanation results in the lack of duality of creation and evolution. Of course, the Qur'an rejects the theory of intelligent design, because this theory recognizes the effect of God's command among other causes. Keywords Science and Religion, Scientific Interpretation of the Qur'an, Theory of Creation, Theory of Evolution, Intelligent Design, Kingdom.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {64}, pages = {193-212}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1460-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1460-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {MostafaviFard, Hamed and TabatabaePour, Seyyed Kazem}, title = {An Analysis of the Evolution of Imami Hadith Schools (Based on the Theory of the Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas Kuhn)}, abstract ={One of the most important theories of the evolution of sciences in the latest era is that given in “The structure of scientific revolutions” of Thomas Kuhn. The author of the paper, having studied the history of Shiite hadith, has found the evolution of Shiite hadith schools (paradigms) very much in line with Kuhn model. In the following work, in a library-based method, the most important theories that have been proposed in recent times about the pattern of the evolution of science is Thomas Kohn's theory in the book "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions". The author with a study in the history of Shiite jurisprudential and hadith, reflecting and examining the necessary information collected by analytical-descriptive method, has shown that in each period of Shiite hadith periods, the school had an undisputed dominance ( the stage of being as a Paradigm / ordinary science); But over time, each of these schools faces a kind of crisis (stage of scientific crisis) and during this period, new ideas about the pattern of acceptance of narrations are considered (stage of scientific revolution), one of which finds general acceptance. As a result, a different school replaces the previous school of hadith (stage of paradigm shift). Keywords: Single News, Hadith Schools, Thomas Kohn, Paradigm, Ordinary Science, Scientific Crisis, Scientific Revolution.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {65}, pages = {7-34}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-2038-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-2038-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Karimi, Mostaf}, title = {The Linguistic Capacity of the Qur\'an to Produce the Humanities}, abstract ={The research problem: humanities is a set of sciences that deal with human cognition and description, explanation and interpretation of individual and social phenomena, giving direction to human actions and interactions. The existing humanities, which are based on non-divine principles, have been less successful in bringing human beings to happiness, especially in Islamic societies; Therefore, the production of Islamic humanities, especially the humanities of the Qur'an, is essential. One of the serious issues in this regard is the linguistic capacity of the Qur'an to do so; We study this issue in a descriptive-analytical way. The research findings show that, firstly, the Qur'an is the revelation of God and all its statements are true, that is, its prophetic propositions are true and its normative propositions are related to human happiness. Second, the ‌ theories derived from it are universal. Therefore, the Qur'an has the linguistic capacity to produce the humanities according to its teachings. Keywords: Humanities, Quran-Based, ‌ Credibility, ‌ Realism, Universality, Immortality  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {65}, pages = {35-58}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1827-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1827-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Kiani, Mohammadhossei}, title = {A Critical Study of the Relationship between "Water, Vibration and Spirituality" in Masaru Emoto\'s Thought}, abstract ={Masaru Emoto, relying on experimental experiments, claims that human perception of oneself depends on one`s understanding of the changes in the water of the body and, on this base, the issue at hand lies in surveying the view and emoto`s way of study. The method used in the study is a critico-analytical one based on library resources. Thus, the research findings show that Imoto's view is not sufficiently coherent; For, first, matter as an unstable thing cannot be conscious, and consciousness may only occur except in the case of the immaterials; Second, Emoto, when expanding his judgment has been led to sophistry. Third, in explaining this theory, he has committed a confusion; For he does not pay attention to the fact that material phenomena have innumerable causes, the fact that the exclusivity of a phenomenon in a physical cause may lead to contradiction, and that the sign is other than the cause. Keywords: Water Crystal, Consciousness and Intelligence, Self-Knowledge, Improvement, Causality, Sophistry.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {65}, pages = {59-74}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1702-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1702-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Kamrani, Kambiz (Hossein) and Mohammadi, Moslem and Shahgoli, Ahm}, title = {The What of the Knowledge of the Soul and Its Role in Attaining the Status of Monotheism from the Perspective of Allameh Tabatabai}, abstract ={Self-knowledge is the best way to reach the knowledge of God and achieve perfection and happiness. The purpose of this research is to explain and analyze what self-knowledge is and how to go through the stages of self-knowledge until reaching the status of monotheism of actions, attributes and essence. This research, with a descriptive and analytical approach and a library-based way of gathering, has been performed with the aim of extracting and analyzing the what of self-knowledge and its role in attaining the status of monotheism from Allameh Tabatabai's point of view. Man realizes through cognition and intuition of the soul that there is no action or attribute except for God. This is the attainment of the status of monotheism of actions, attributes and essence. One`s becoming close to the principle of truth is as great as its existence and the truth that has emerged in it, and God is the ultimate truth of every perfection. Introducing the knowledge of the soul to the audience, especially the young generation, is the best and closest way to acquire Divine knowledge and reach the core of the truths of the universe and achieve perfection. Keywords: Soul, Knowledge of the Soul, Position of Monotheism, Allameh Tabatabai  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {65}, pages = {75-94}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1716-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1716-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Rahmani, Soodeh and Tanha, Zahra and Jalili, Razieh and fathollahi, Ali}, title = {The Stages of the Evolution of Faith from the Perspective of Islam in Comparison with the Fowler`s View}, abstract ={The tendency to the origin of existence and the desire for immortality have always been the concern of human beings. Divine religions consider faith as the only way to respond to these two issues. Undoubtedly, the different views of religions on the concept of faith have led to different interpretations. Thus, not only is the expression of the components of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam different, but also the interpretation of different Islamic sects of faith is different. Because of this, the efforts of experts to properly conceptualize this fact have paved the way for the emergence of different perspectives. The aim of the present study is to compare the stages of the evolution of faith from the perspective of Islam and Fowler. The research method and the technique for gathering data were descriptive and library-based. The findings showed that the Abrahamic religions, especially Islam in the verses of the Holy Quran, consider faith as a kind of strong heart relationship and psychologists consider it as an internal tendency to the origin of the universe that mental growth and evolution in human understanding can play a role in its evolution. Keywords Faith, the Evolution of Faith, Psychology, Islam and the Abrahamic Religions.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {65}, pages = {95-116}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1326-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1326-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Pouramini, Mohammadbaqer}, title = {A Critique on the Epistemological Nature of Salafi Theology}, abstract ={Salafism as a school of belief and theology is rooted in the orientation of the companions of hadith and the invitation of Ahmad ibn Hanbal, and in the last two centuries has relied specifically on the beliefs of Ibn Taymiyyah, presenting his thoughts as the main axis of Salafi thought, being lucky and unlucky in various cases. The claim of the study is that with an external and second-rate view of "Salafi speech", one can mention the epistemological identity of Salafi speech as a critic, and critique the principles and issues of this school of thought based on a logical structure. The method of research and collecting data is library and documentary-based, and the study of epistemological foundations, hermeneutic critique, explanation of shortcomings in the study of humanities and religious science in the Salafi school, the contradiction of Salafism with the principles of Salaf and the need to internalize the critique of Salafi speech are important findings of the study. Keywords: Salaf, Salafism, Salafi theology, epistemological structure, Ibn Taymiyyah, Wahhabism}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {65}, pages = {117-138}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1556-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1556-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Sardari, Hossein and Torkashvand, Ehs}, title = {A Comparative Study of the Compatibility of the Problem of Evil with the Existence of God, Given Plantinga`s View of Human Will and Allameh Mesbah Yazdi`s View of Happiness-Basedness}, abstract ={Plantinga and Ayatollah Mesbah, as two theist sages, Christians and Muslims, with two different but rational approaches, have researched the issue of evil and argued against the view of the incompatibility of the existence of natural and moral evil. This issue has been investigated based on the descriptive-analytical method of library collection. According to the theory of human free will, Plantinga does not accept the claim that there is a logical contradiction between the problem of evil and the existence of God. Ayatollah Mesbah, while accepting the solutions of Muslim philosophers, such as the non-existence of the evil, the relativity of the evil, the transcendence of the evil, the domination of charity over the evil, has emphasized the goal-oriented strategy or perfection and happiness of all human actions. The findings show that although these two thinkers, in principle, believe in an absolute perfect God (omniscient, omnipotent and pure good), but differ in the method and type of confrontation with the theory of justice and Divine wisdom. At the same time, Ayatollah Mesbah's view responds to all natural and moral evils, but Plantinga's theory responds only to moral evils. Keywords: Evil, Plantinga, Mesbah, Free Will, Adaptation, Prosperity-Based.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {65}, pages = {139-158}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1688-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1688-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Rajabi, Abuzar and Shamsollahi, Seyyed Hossei}, title = {A Critical Analysis of Philosophic0-Theological Foundations of John Stuart Mill\'s Theory of Freedom Based on the Opinions of Allama Jafari}, abstract ={One of the main foundations of modern thought is the concept of freedom. Although there is no common approach among modern thinkers in this regard, they all agree on the influence of classical liberalism, especially in the view of John Stuart Mill. Mill is one of the founding thinkers of modern liberalism, which, on the basis of utilitarianism, believes in the absolute freedom of the individual. His thought relies on the foundations of the modern age, such as subjectivism, pluralism, secularism, and humanism. These principles, with the theological approach of the modern age, lead to consequences such as anti-traditionalism, humanism, and so on. According to the principles of Islam, the idea of ​​Mill and his intellectual foundations face serious challenges. He aims at freedom itself, which is a kind of view against the laws of life and degrades human transcendent morality and causes a kind of corruption and emptiness in society and the individual. In this research, with the descriptive-analytical method, first we propose the idea of ​​Mill and then with the critical analytical method we critique his theory based on the intellectual system of Professor Mohammad Taqi Jafari. Keywords: Freedom, Individual Freedom, Responsible Freedom, Subjectivism, Humanism, Secularism, John Stuart Mill, Allameh Jafari.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {65}, pages = {159-182}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1977-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1977-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Qolizadeh, Amrollah and Daneshvar, Yousef}, title = {Alister McGrath\'s Encounter with Richard Dawkins\' Evolutionary Atheism and Its Critical Evaluation}, abstract ={Richard Dawkins, emphasizing maximum scientism, argues for the conflict between science and religion. By proposing the improbable argument, he has viewed the existence of God as being of the least possiblity, and finally, inferred atheistic belief. In contrast, Alister McGrath dismissed Dawkins's maximum view of scientism as incorrect and, using critical realism and the psychology of perception, challenged his atheistic view. The point of leading research is to evaluate and measure this encounter. In this study, we have used analytical and library-based method and technique. The research shows that although the analysis of McGrath from a theistic point of view of the universe as an interpretive framework solves Dawkins' alleged conflict between science and religion, it still cannot be away from epistemological relativism. At the same time, some of his critiques on the proof of improbability are not without weakness. Keywords: Dawkins, Maggrath, Evolutionary Atheism, Critical Realism, Perceptual Psychology}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {65}, pages = {183-204}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1881-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1881-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Ebrahimnejad, Mohammadreza and Razi, Mohammad Nasiri and Rouhani, Seyyed Saee}, title = {Explaining the Role of Human Will in the Civilization-Making Actions by Emphasizing the Quranic Teachings}, abstract ={The leading article, after explaining the human will and stating its existential truth, distinguishes between the human will and the will of God. It tries to explain and study the process of human will`s influencing on human actions and civilized society by examining Quranic verses and using descriptive-analytical method with a library-based techniqe. The research findings show that the will of God is the source of all human actions and the will of man follows the will of God. According to Islamic teachings, God's will has a great role in the functioning of human civilization as well as in the efficiency of other human factors and the use of natural factors, and its main influence is based on the following: “ruling state of Divine Will”, “Divine Guardian-Accepting”, "supporting self-making, other-making and empowerment", "Changing the individual and collective destiny of human beings" and "Recognizing the elements involved in civilization". Keywords: Will, Human Function, Construction of Civilization, Stages of Will Formation, the Effect of Will in Civilization.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {65}, pages = {205-224}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1058-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1058-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Amini, Maryam and Amini, Ali}, title = {Interpretive Tendency of Existentialism in Allameh Jafari`s Description on Nahj al-Balaghah with an Emphasis on the Meaning of Life}, abstract ={The issue of the meaning of life is the concern of contemporary man, on the one hand and on the other hand, Allameh Jafari considers human life as the result of his goals in life. The problem of research is that in the contemporary era, meeting a multitude of interpretive works on existential issues such as man and the emphasis on the originality of existence, freedom and choice, human responsibility, death, loneliness, hope, desire, peace, meaning of life indicates that a fundamental change in the style of interpretive research has occurred and a new interpretive approach called the existentialist approach has been formed. To better explain this interpretive tendency, in this article, one of its important components, namely the meaning of life in the translation and interpretation of Nahj al-Balaghah by Allameh Jafari, has been examined. The method and technique used of this research are descriptive and library-based. Therefore, this article intends to show one of the interpretive tendencies of Allameh Jafari by addressing the existential issue of the meaning of life in the explanation of Nahj al-Balaghah. Keyword: Nahj al-Balaghah, Allameh Jafari, Interpretive Tendency, Existentialism.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {66}, pages = {7-26}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1835-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1835-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Karimzadeh, Taher and Noei, Ebrahim and Mirzaei, Abbas}, title = {A Comparative Study of Mulla Sadra and Allameh Sha\'rani\'s on the Doctrine of Badā`}, abstract ={How to explain the doctrine of badā` and to analyze its relationship with the attributes of God, Divine destiny and the knowledge and infallibility of the infallibles (a) from the perspective of Mulla Sadra and Allameh Sha'rani, is the subject of the present study. The present descriptive-analytical study examines the principles of Mulla Sadra and Allameh Sha'rani about the doctrine of badā`. As understood by the study, Mulla Sadra uses the principles of transcendent wisdom to explain the truth of badā` and its relationship with the attributes of God, Divine decree and infallibility of the infallibles (a) in this context. Allameh Sha'rani, though being in the framework of transcendent wisdom, but according to his own hadith-theological principles, considers any change in the attributes of God and Divine decree impossible and criticizes badā` in the meaning intended by Mulla Sadra. He also proves the impossibility of badā` in the news of the infallibles (a) by using the argument of grace, lutf. Keywords: The Doctrine of Badā`, Attributes of God, Divine Decree, Infallibility of the Infallibles, Mulla Sadra, Allameh Sha'rani.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {66}, pages = {27-40}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1860-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1860-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Ghahremani, Ali Mohammad and Beheshti, Ahmad and SaeediMehr, Mohamm}, title = {A Critical Study of Master Hakimi\'s Approach to Ta`wīl on the Basis of Allameh Tabataba`i`s View}, abstract ={Examining the role of ta`wīl in understanding religious texts and passing from the appearances of the words of Quranic verses has been one of the most challenging issues for Muslim scholars. In the last century, appearance of the school of tafkīk, and specifically denial of ta`wīl and emphasis on the necessity of the purity of the appearances of Qur'anic texts, has led to two poles of proponents and opponents of ta`wīl in the field of religious studies. This article examines the issue with an analytic method and library-based technique and compared of the works of professor Hakimi and Allameh Tabatabai in the field. The findings indicate maximum difference between the two views in the type and method of explanation. Also, due to the revelation`s state of being of various levels, no sect or school has escaped from ta`wīl. The way to separate the appearances of religious texts to avoid ta`wīl will remain an impractical idea and dream. Keywords: Tabatabai, Hakimi, Ta`wīl, Tafsir, Quran, Hadith}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {66}, pages = {41-60}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1882-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1882-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {RezaeiRah, Mohammad Javad and Fazeli, Leil}, title = {The Effectiveness of Sadra\'s Philosophy in Theologico-Intellectual Discussions}, abstract ={In this research it has been intended to investigate the epistemological position of mystical discovery in the philosophy of Sadr al-Mutallahin and also to examine whether, based on this position, this philosophy can be used in theologico-rational proofs for the general public? This research has performed by an analytico-descriptive method and library-based technique for collecting data. The findings of the research indicate that there is disagreement among the researchers regarding the place of discovery in the methodology of transcendent wisdom; Although kashf, intuition, is not regarded as a precedent in philosophical reasoning, but the role of purity of  human soul and tenderness of human nature and kashf in understanding Sadra's deep rational teachings, makes understanding this philosophy out of the reach of the public (non-explorers or those who are not of austerely and self-purifying). Accordingly, its use in denial and proving rational-theological proofs for the general public is not effective and its extensive education is ineffective. Keywords: Philosophy by Kashf, Rational Theology, Knowledge by Kashf, Teaching Philosophy, Rational Theology, Lessons of Islamic Studies.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {66}, pages = {61-78}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1704-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1704-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Seidi, Mahmoud and Pashaei, Mohammadjav}, title = {An Analysis of Allameh Tabatabai\'s Theory about the Divine Attribute of speech}, abstract ={The question of the way in which the attributes of God are related to one another and to the Divine essence has been a long-standing issue among Muslim thinkers. Meanwhile, the attribute of God`s Speech, kalam, is of special importance and the scope of discussion about it is extended to the Holy Quran as being everlasting or non-everlasting. Mulla Sadra considered the Ash'arite theory of the Qur'an`s being everlasting as one leading to polytheism and the multiplicity of everlasting beings, and the Mu'tazilites' theory of its being non-everlasting as one leading to God`s possibility and non-everlasting. However, Allameh Tabatabai, by recognizing God`s speech as being i`tibari, introduced some objections against what said by the Ash'arite and the Mu'tazilite and, using the same principle and with regard to Shiite hadith and traditions,  criticized the theory viewing Divine Speech as being essential. The present study, in a descriptive-analytical approach, explains Allameh Tabatabai's theory about this Divine attribute as being in the level of action and believes that Shiite hadiths do not lead to the Attribute as being in the level of action. Keywords: Divine Attribute of Speech, Ash'arites, Mu'tazilites, Mulla Sadra, Allameh Tabatabai}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {66}, pages = {79-94}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1854-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1854-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {ShirvaniShiri, Abdolmohammad and NosratianAhvar, Mehdi}, title = {Relationship of Reason, \'Aql, and Transmission, Naql, for Sheikh Mofid}, abstract ={The issue of the relationship between reason and transmission and the realm of priority and posteriority and their types of functions from the perspective of Sheikh Mofid has been explored in this study by an analytical-descriptive method. The results of the research show that Sheikh Mofid specifies the role of being a light, miṣbāh, and also supports the interactive role of reason. In defining reason, he has dealt with both its theoretical and practical aspects. Sheikh Mufid, like the Mu'tazilites, considers religious knowledge to be acquired, but they leave the necessity of opinion because of the Divine command, not reason. He considers reason as being in need to revelation in all stages of reasoning and conclusion. In other words, revelation is both the first stimulus of the intellect and teaches the oblige, mukallaf, the quality of reasoning. Sheikh Mufid used reason in jurisprudence, unlike the people of hadith, but this did not cause him to accept feqhi analogy. Keywords: Sheikh Mofid, intellect, functions of intellect. Interactive, Mesbahi.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {66}, pages = {95-112}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1617-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1617-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mirahmadi, Seyyed Abdollah}, title = {A Critical Study of the Equality of Hereditary Choice, Religious Knowledge and the Reasons Derived from the Religious Texts}, abstract ={The issue of the present article is the equality of hereditary choice, religious knowledge and the reasons derived from religious texts. The purpose of this study is to show that hereditary choice, religious knowledge and reasons for religions are not equal. The method used is by way of description and analysis. The findings, the change of extension in the family and ethnic religion, reject the equality of religions. The cases of knowledge derived from the texts of religions are different and inconsistent. As scholars of different religions do not agree with each other's knowledge. Some religions offer incompatible concepts and cognitions from within. The reasons for religions are no longer valid with other scholars. Islam has considered the knowledge of certainty and logical reasons along with the study of various sayings as the criterion for choosing a religion as has viewed the compatibility of concepts within religion a prerequisite for the legitimacy of religious teachings. Hence, the religion of Islam, by presenting compatible cognitions and concepts, rejects external reasons and the astonishing expansion of religious equality. Keywords: Religious Pluralism, Hereditary Religion, Cognition, Intra-Religious Concepts, Reasons by Religions. ‌  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {66}, pages = {113-128}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1429-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1429-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Hamzeian, Azim and Khademi, Somayyeh and LotfiTakami, Fatemeh}, title = {An Analysis of the Ismā`il Faṣṣ of Fuṣūṣ al- ḥikam (“The Bezels of Wisdom”) of Ibn Arabī about the Lord\'s Satisfaction of the Vassal}, abstract ={ The purpose of this article is to explain Ibn Arabī's view on the satisfaction of the Lord with regard to the vassal, especially the reasons for God's satisfaction toward Ismā`īl (as). This research has been written in a descriptive-analytical method and based on the Ismaili faṣṣ of Fuṣūṣ al- ḥikam. The findings of the research show that Ibn Arabī considers the attribute riḍā, satisfaction, in the human field as a part of the statins, maqāmāt, for some people and a part of the states, aḥwāl, for some other. But the attribute in the case of God is a Divine Attribute and is subject to His Attributes. The focus of Ibn Arabī's view on the causes of the Divine Satisfaction regarding the Prophet Ismā`īl (as) is based on the rule of manifestation and his knowledge of God. He considers Hazrat Ismā`il as the case of Divine satisfaction for his knowledge of the subject, his worthiness and his state of being sadiq al-wa`d,   Keywords: Ibn Arabī, Riḍā, the Lord, Vassal, Hazrat Ismā`īl (as).  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {66}, pages = {129-148}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1718-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1718-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Rudgar, Narjes}, title = {A Critical Study of Hermeneutical Relativism in Cognitive, Tafahhumi, Theology Based on the Transcendent Wisdom}, abstract ={The main issue of this research is the study of the type of relativism in "cognitive theology" and its basic critique based on transcendent wisdom. For this purpose, in the first stage, the works of Mujtahid Shabestari on the subject of theology, called by him as "cognitive theology", have been studied in a descriptive and analytical method and, then, criticized according to the rules of transcendent wisdom. The findings of this study indicate that Shabestari hermeneutics, although hesitant between Schleiermacher's author-centered hermeneutics and Gadameri-centered interpreter hermeneutics, has a more inclined direction towards Gadameri's philosophical hermeneutics. Sometimes it even goes beyond this and considers meaning as a posterior thing that is made in the process of understanding, which in any case is similar to relativism. The gap between the types of relativism indicates that the gap between subject and object is the origin of the types of relativism that have arisen following the challenge of how the object and the mind relate. However, with the epistemological principles of transcendent wisdom, this gap is filled from the beginning and does not lead to relativistic devices. Keywords: Relativism, Hermeneutics, Gadamer, Mujtahid Shabestari, Transcendent Wisdom.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {66}, pages = {149-166}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1797-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1797-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Doost-AliMaki, Siamak and Aghazade, Naqi and Serkani, Pedram}, title = {A Descriptive-Analytic Study of Infallibility based on Theory of Gradation of Existence}, abstract ={Arguments on the gradation of infallibility is amongst important issues which can be expounded based on foundations and principles of Islamic philosophy and remove many of suspicions casted on the issue of infallibility. The current research is an attempt to investigate the nature of infallibility based on the philosophical theory of gradation of existence, which provides a different content of the issue of infallibility, through a descriptive-analytical method. Thus, firstly, the major elements and components of infallibility are extracted and then compared individually against the principle of gradation of existence. It was concluded that infallibility enjoys a gradational truth and therefore, each human being can possess a level of it depending on their existential capacity and the difference between the immaculate and the ordinary Man resides in the level of infallibility rather than presences or lack of this characteristic.   Keywords: Infallibility, Nature of Infallibility, Generality of infallibility, Gradation of Existence}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {66}, pages = {167-182}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1559-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1559-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {AbbaszadehJahromi, Mohammad and MaymanahJahromi, Nasrollah}, title = {An Analytical Study of Forgetfulness and Mistakes of the infallible in Common and Social Affairs}, abstract ={Infallibility is one of the important characteristics of the divine prophet and caliph, and there are differences between theorists in its scope or scope. The Prophet is necessarily qualified with infallibility in order to guarantee the accurate and correct delivery of divine messages to human beings. Therefore, the question of this research is whether the limits of this infallibility extend to the ordinary affairs of life or their governing and social affairs? The Prophet of Islam consulted with the companions in the administration of his government and sometimes accepted the opinions of the companions. Since the companions did not have infallibility, can such decisions be considered infallible? The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on library resources. The findings of the research show that the occurrence of inadvertence in social and political affairs should not be compared with individual affairs, the Prophet according to the existing conditions after consulting with the companions chose the best solution. Keywords Perfect Man, Infallibility, Forgetfulness, Mistake, Common and.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {67}, pages = {7-22}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1472-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1472-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Bahmani, Faranak}, title = {A Pathology of Explaining Religious Propositions in the Field of Women from the Perspective of Reason}, abstract ={Islam is the most complete divine message that introduced the valuable identity of women and elevated their human status. Ignorant prejudices and epistemological poverty, however, led to distorted meaning and misinterpretation of religious propositions and seriously damaged the understanding of religious truths in the field of women and its adaptation to the requirements of the time. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find the damages of explaining religious propositions in the field of women from the perspective of reason; with a rational approach and the correct use of logical data in the face of hadiths, it leads to the correct explanation of religious propositions and the rejection of false narrations and misinterpretations. The findings of the present study indicate the need to use logic and rational methods in explaining and understanding religious propositions correctly as described based on documents analytically. Keywords Pathology, Religious Propositions, Women, Reason, Logic.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {67}, pages = {23-42}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1652-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1652-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Jalali, Seyyed Mojtaba and Saeedi, Hassan and SafiShalamzari, Saee}, title = {Comparative Analysis of the Concept of Khaza`in in the Commentaries Al-Mizan and Kashf al-Asrar}, abstract ={One of the concepts mentioned in the Qur'an is that of khaza`in, which is introduced as the source of the world of creation and is within the power of God Almighty. In this descriptive-comparative study, the concept of khaza`in and its ontological dimensions has been studied analytically and comparatively from the perspective of Allameh Tabatabai in Al-Mizan and Rashid al-Din Meybodi in Kashf al-Asrar. Regarding the ilmi and/or `ayni nature of khaza`in, the research findings show that divine khaza`in consist of two worlds of ilmi and `ayni, which is evident in Allameh Tabatabai's theory, but a one-sided view of khaza`in in Meybodi's commentary (taking the realm of `ayn only), it is obvious. In the realm of treasures and levels of existence, Allameh Tabatabai considers khaza`in as the supreme source of divine grace, the degradation of which is in the form of a sequence from a higher origin based on a causal relationship, while in the latter view, khaza`in oversee God's knowledge of managing affairs and surrounding the graces and levels of the worlds and the soul in the realm of human ability and authority, but there may not be found any reference to the quality of the establishment of the hierarchical system and the way of expressing grace. Keywords Khazain, Tabatabai, Meybodi, Ilm, `Ayn, Grades of the World.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {67}, pages = {43-62}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1443-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1443-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Shakeri, Ruhollah and MohammadHashemi, Hussein and HassanzadehMeshkani, Mohammad Jav}, title = {A Critical Study of the Solution of Non-Existence Attitude to the Evil Based on the View of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli}, abstract ={The issue of evil is one of the fundamental issues in theological systems, especially in the philosophy of religion, which was raised up in the case of doubt in the principle of the necessity of existence and breach in the attributes of God. Those of belief in Divine justice and theologians have explained the solution in various ways. Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, while equating good with existence, considers the nature of evil to be absolutely equal to non-existence, and on this basis believes that evil does not need a real origin. But in another division, they acknowledge the existence of some evils and, in order to justify the lack of a real agent cause for these, provide details of the various aspects of the evils. The present study has been collected by descriptive-analytical method and its most important finding lies in regarding the real human causation in the occurrence of some deficiencies. Keywords Evil, Nihilism, Non-Existent Evil, Existential Evil, Javadi Amoli.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {67}, pages = {63-80}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1474-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1474-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Parcham, Ezzat and Shaykhul-Islami, Ali}, title = {Divine Names and Attributes from the Perspective of Hakim Mullahadi Sabzevari}, abstract ={The subject of theoretical mysticism is the Truth (Subhanahu wa taala) and the modifications of the Absolute Essence can be recognized only by Divine Names and Attributes, so a discussion of the Names and Attributes that lead to the knowledge of God becomes necessary. The present article, using a library-based and descriptive-analytical method and examining Sabzevari's views on the issue, from an epistemological perspective tries to explain their role in the creation of beings, Divine Conduct and Knowledge, the way in which the Truth is connected with the world of creation and Divine knowledge and providence. The results of this research show that from the perspective of personal unity of existence, it is the real existence of God and other beings are its symbols and things that are related to God through Names. Attributes with regard totheir concepts may be taken as multiple and have a unique essence, and the teaching of Names is real and existential. Although the Names and Attributes of God can not be considered apart from the Essence, but regarding the level of absoluteness, the Names and Attributes can be regarded for and related to It. Keywords Divine Names, Divine Attributes, Knowledge, Science, Providence, Sabzevari.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {67}, pages = {81-100}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1572-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1572-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {NabaviMeybodi, Maryamsadat}, title = {A Survey of the Semantic, Ontological and Epistemological Relationship of Faith in Moral Conduct from the Perspective of Allameh Tabatabai}, abstract ={Faith is a factor that plays an important role in laying the foundations of its elements in a religious moral school. Moral action as an important measure in the moral agent is not exempt from this effect either. Allameh Tabatabai, as a contemporary moral philosopher in the field of religion, has fundamental views on the function of faith in moral conduct. Therefore, the problem of the present article is to examine his point of view from the semantic, existential and epistemological perspective of faith in moral conduct, with a descriptive-analytical method. Finally, the findings indicate that faith is the most important factor in meaning and existence, although not necessarily. According to Allameh, the epistemological role of faith in moral action can be studied and analyzed from two dimensions. On the other hand, due to the gradationality of faith, its epistemological role in conduct will be hierarchical, and faith in this dimension also negates the gap between knowledge and action. Keywords Faith, Moral Conduct, Allameh Tabatabai, Semantic Function of Faith, Epistemological Function of Faith, Ontological Function of Faith.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {67}, pages = {101-118}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1849-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1849-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {BaghbanzadehAmsheh, Mohammad Rez}, title = {An Analysis of Ibn Taymiyyah\'s Thought on the Excommunication of the Imami Shiite and Its Critique Based on Sunni Sources}, abstract ={Ibn Taymiyyah (the founder of the Salaf school in the Islamic world) is one of the personalities who, in dealing with dissenting opinions, condemns them to takfir, advises them to repent, and if they refuse, orders them to be killed. Shiites, meanwhile, are among those condemned to excommunication. The issue of research is how Ibn Taymiyyah, despite the primary and successive sources, in the Sunni narrative communities that exist to prove the legitimacy of the Shiite religion, excommunicate this school and view it as degenerated. The present research has been carried out using the library research method and with an analytical-descriptive approach, and the findings of the research in the analysis of Ibn Taymiyyah's thought show that he either does not provide any case for his claim, or If he mentions an example, he introduces the Shiites as forgers of hadith who have used weak narrations. However, Sunni narrative and historical sources are full of citations that challenge his view of the excommunication of the Shiites. Keywords Ibn Taymiyyah, Shiite Takfir, Sunni Sources, Forger of Hadith, Weak Narrations.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {67}, pages = {119-138}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1467-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1467-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Najjarzadegan, Fatemeh and RezaeiHaftadar, Hassan and MahdaviRad, Mohammad Ali}, title = {Evaluating Wansbrough\'s View on "Prophecy" in the Book of Quranic Studies}, abstract ={The purpose of this article is to explain and evaluate Wansbrough's hypotheses in matters related to prophecy. Hence, it first examines the distinction between the Qur'anic usage of the two titles "prophet" and "messenger" and the structures that indicate the appointment to prophecy and, then, discusses the possibility of adapting the infidels' slanders addressed to the Prophet (s) from the Old Testament narratives about the prophets. In the next step, he explains the universality of the mission of the prophets and the verses that indicate each of them, as well as the extent of the connection between these verses and the phrases of the Bible. Since Wansbrough has studied based on literary analysis, this article also evaluates his views using the method of analytical-critical research. Overall, the findings of this study are: Wansbrough's saying of resemblance of the unsavoury conducts quoted in the Qur'an to those mentioned in the Bible and his view of the distinctions between the "prophet" and the "messenger" are erroneous. Furthermore, among the Qur'anic expressions and verses, on his view, dealing with the appointment of a prophet, the limitation or generality of the mission of the prophets and the doctrine of superiority, only in a few cases may be agreed with. Keywords John Wensbrough, Book of Quranic Studies, Prophecy, Mission, Superiority.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {67}, pages = {139-156}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1605-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1605-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {NikTab`aAta`ati, Sedigheh and MohammadHosseinzadeh, Abdolrez}, title = {The Agent of Prophetic Revelation in the Theory of the Historicity of the Qur\'an (with an Emphasis on Nasr Hamed Abu Zayd`s View)}, abstract ={Contrary to the views of most Islamic philosophers and theologians on the subject of revelation, Nasr Hamed Abu Zayd (representative of the neo-Mu'tazilites) sometimes takes revelation as a synonymous for inspiration and sometimes regard it as a kind of religious experience. In this way, he strengthen agent role of the Prophet in revelation and, claiming its discoursive state and impressionability of current culture, justifies the historicity of the Qur'an. The question of the present research has been regarded as: what are the intellectual and narrative objections against his claims, especially against has claim of authenticity of the Prophet's agency and the discoursive state and historicity of the Qur'an? In the present study, examining the two views mentioned comparatively by descriptive and analytical method, we reach the following findings: the divinity of both the content and the words of revelation, the impressionable role of the Prophet in the process of revelation, the transhistorical nature of the Qur'an; the invalidity of the claim of discoursive state and the historicity of the Qur'an due to the contradiction of its principles and supplies with the indisputable rational principles (extra-religious arguments) and opposition to the narrated arguments (intra-religious arguments). Keywords The Historicity of the Qur'an, the Discourse of Revelation, the Origin of Prophetic Revelation, the Revlatory Experience, Nasr Hamed Abu Zayd, Neo-Mu'tazilites.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {67}, pages = {157-176}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1911-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1911-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Bouzarinejad, Yahya and Reyhani, Hami}, title = {A Critical Study of Mohammad Abed Al-Jaberi\'s Critical Approach to Arabic-Islamic Rationality}, abstract ={This article has been organized in two parts of which the first seeks to examine Abed al-Jabri's critical approach when studying Arab-Islamic heritage. In this part, we have described the various dimensions of al-Jabri's theory through a library-based method. He defines three basic entries for the foundation of his theory: first, the critique of liberal, Marxist, and fundamentalist approaches to the study of heritage; second, the definition of reason and rationality; and third, the methodological process for the study of heritage. After these three entries, Jaberi criticizes Arabic-Islamic rationality in two levels of historical development and structural context and in three areas of knowledge, politics and ethics. In the second part, based on the basic methodology, we examined his theory at two levels of epistemological-logical factors and existential-social factors. On this basis, we conclude that AL-Jaberi`s ontological and epistemological positions is in the direction of constructivist-interpretive methodologies and activate the epistemological domains that are based on the independence of the subject. As a result, Al-Jabri's intellectual foundations and methodology are in the context of Western rationalities. Keywords Islamic Rationality, Arabic Rationality, Shiite Rationality, Logical Rationality, Jaberi.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {67}, pages = {177-198}, publisher = {The office of Supreme Leader’s Representatives in Universities}, url = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1830-en.html}, eprint = {http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1830-en.pdf}, journal = {A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies}, issn = {2008-9481}, eissn = {2008-9481}, year = {2021} }