2024-03-29T13:42:00+04:30 http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=58&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
58-1772 2024-03-29 10.1002
A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies 2008-9481 2008-9481 doi 2005 1 3 Ibn rushd on the principles and criterions of tawil   Abul walid Muhammad bin Ahmad populary known as ibn rushd is the greatest philosopher of the west world of Islam. He as a great faqih and Muhaddith of the 6th century (A.H) discussed the issue of the conflict of reason and transmission (naql) and in order to bring about a cordial relation among Muslim he treated the issue of tawil (hermeneutical interpretation). The present article is an attempt to study this issue which pertains to the Quranic Sciences but from the view point of a philosopher and jurist, then proceeded to reconstruct his thesis concerning the meaning of tawil and in order to preclude any misconception from the concept of tawil the author explores the principles and criterions of  tawil  from the perspective of Ibn Rushd. Ibn rushd in this regard presented new ideas but after him these ideas were not followed up. Key words: Ibn Ruushd, tawil, the principles of tawil , the criterions of tawil, the scope of tawil. 2005 12 01 7 18 http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1772-en.pdf
58-1773 2024-03-29 10.1002
A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies 2008-9481 2008-9481 doi 2005 1 3 Methodology of Description in Shaykh al – Ishraq   As an ontologist philosopher Shaykh al – Isharq believes in a heirarchegal being on the basis of which presents his classification of various descriptions. These descriptions are various both in terms of longitudinal and latitudinal. That is, for instance though his intative descriptions are at the latitude of his logical analytic descriptions, possesses itself a longitudinal order successively. Apart from these two cases we can add empirical descriptions and mythical historical descriptions so that to attain a four – fold descriptions. Moreover, though the early philosophers considered description to be subsumed under the object of "whether" and definition under the object of "what" and put forward them separately. But in Sheikh al – Ishraq's view there was no difference between the context of description and the context of definition. Because, first, his standpoint concerning the issue of definition was different with those of  peripathetic logicians. Secondly Shaykh al- Ishraq's descriptions enjoyed a pecularity and it is not possible to include them with the current classifications. Key words: methodology, description, shaykh al- Ishraq.   2005 12 01 19 47 http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1773-en.pdf
58-1774 2024-03-29 10.1002
A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies 2008-9481 2008-9481 doi 2005 1 3 Historical Development of Method in Science and Philosophy   The development and growth of science is based on method. Aristotle treated this issue seriously and formulated logic. Muslim thinkers accepted the comprehensibility of his idea and during some centuries developed it and exported to the west. During the last three centuries of the Middle Ages the issue of method was followed up seriously and induction enjoyed more importance. The scientific discoveries and their impact upon the life of people multiplated the importance of induction and this trend led to the growth of an important part of science following which many scientifice and philosophical schools came to the fore. Though overlooking deduction in the west and induction and its application in the world of Islam in recent centuries harted the comprehensibility of the process of the development of science. Key words: production of science, scientific method, deduction and induction, scientific logic. 2005 12 01 49 71 http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1774-en.pdf
58-1775 2024-03-29 10.1002
A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies 2008-9481 2008-9481 doi 2005 1 3 The Theological Foundations of Subjectvize Interpretation The Quran is the most authentic and reliable everlasting document of Islam. The popular method for attaining such Quranic teachings is to appeal to successive interpretation of the Quran according to which the Quranic chapters and verses are interpretated on the basis of the present arrangement. But everyone know that his method inspite of its positive points suffers from certain shortcomings. Therefore it is better to obtain the subjectvize interpretation. This method is based on the classification of the significations of the verses. Though this method in its limited form has a longage background, this approuch with its comprehensive attitude with reference to the subjects of the Quran seems to be a new approuch. Therefore review of its foundations, method and stages are taken into accound primarily. Key words: subjectvize interpretation, the foundation of interpretation, successive interpretation, stages of interpretatian.   2005 12 01 73 105 http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1775-en.pdf
58-1776 2024-03-29 10.1002
A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies 2008-9481 2008-9481 doi 2005 1 3 Modified Epistemology and Evidentalism   Justification and religious rationality constitutes one of the main issues of religious epistemology and enjoys a special place to day in the philosophy of religion. In response to the justification of religious belief there are various approaches one of which is modified epistemology which is propounded by creation well – known philosophers such as Alvin plantinga, Nicolas walterstorf etc. The present article with reference to the views of the most importand advocates of this school of thought tries to present their views. The modificd epistemologists certainly reject the classical foundationalists certainly reject the classical foundationalists and evidentalism. This article also containes the critiques of classical foundationalists and evidentalists then reject their viewo. Accordingly. Their critiques too are put forward. Following the explanation of their views their objections also are presented Key words: religious rationality, modified epistemology, planting , walterstorf , classical foundationalism evidentalism.   2005 12 01 107 139 http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1776-en.pdf
58-1777 2024-03-29 10.1002
A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies 2008-9481 2008-9481 doi 2005 1 3 A Critical Study of the Theory of the Subjectivity of Moral Values With Reference to Mackay\'s Theory According to mackay, values in general and ethical values in particular are subjective in nature. That is, they have no foundation independent of mans wishes and subjective human inelinations.  According to his definition of subjectivism, values have no foundation, but the basis of values are not independent of man's desires. He offers two arguments for his theory. One is based on the relativity and ethical differences and the other one is based on strangeness. Each of these orguments were criticized by the objectivist philosophers of ethies and some of objectivist anthropologists. Key words: mackay, subjectivity of moral values, elativity, strangeness, objectivism. 2005 12 01 141 157 http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1777-en.pdf
58-1778 2024-03-29 10.1002
A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies 2008-9481 2008-9481 doi 2005 1 3 Objectivity in Historical Studies   Methodological restriction brings in its wake invalidity and objectivity in various branches of human seiences. By study the objections concerning the objectivity in historical studies and historiography and contemporary version of science as the background of such objections makes clear that this version of induction and objectivity mingled with bigoty and exteoimism. As it is conceived no seience is objective. The way of the interference of subjectivity and personal undertaking in social science and historical studies finally leads to this conclusion that like many other seiences, history also is something in between objectivity and objectivity, though is not in the same level . since historical studies plays an important role in analyzing theological problems so such issue can challenge one of the theological found ations. Key words: objectivity, social seiences, historical studies, inter- subjective objectivity, methodological restriction. 2005 12 01 159 176 http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1778-en.pdf
58-1779 2024-03-29 10.1002
A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies 2008-9481 2008-9481 doi 2005 1 3 Mulla Sadra on the world of pre- existence and Covenant   Mulla Sadra is of the view that the discursive people are unable to grasp the reality of the departure of descendants in atomic form from Adam's loin, this is for this reason that man possesses various levels of resurrection and mustering. But according to Mulla Sadra's ontology man before coming into this world possessed intellectual ipseities which is originated from the loin of their spiritual father who is their real father rather that other corporal fathers. More over in the verse of that by Adam means intellectual father of all people so it enjoys a genetic unity. So according to Mulla Sadra's theory of knowledge, the present man in that world by observing its copulative and dependent reality on god confessed divine lord ship and his servitude and is witnessed to his covenant. After dividing the people whom were the addresses of the Quranie verse into three groups, he states that the confession and covenant of people differ on the basis of their states and stations which stem from their own hearing, seeing and hearts. The present article after studying this Quranic issue concluder that in Mulla Sadra's philosophical school there is no difference between philosophical understanding and religious understanding. He used religious sources not as one of the soureces besides others sources but his use of religious sources was poincipally and methodologically speaking it we a king of multiplicity. Thus the fruits of this approach is concerned with the Quran, proof and ghosis. Key words: the reality of man, the world of pre – existence and divine images, promise and covenant man's promise, God's promise.   2005 12 01 177 196 http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1779-en.pdf
58-1780 2024-03-29 10.1002
A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies 2008-9481 2008-9481 doi 2005 1 3 The Elemantary forms of Religious life and Durkheim Emile durkheim (1858-1917) is one of the funders of sociology and one of the most influential figures in this field. By writing his book ''the Elemantary forms of religious life'' he consolidated sociological approach to religious and he was pioneer for many years in this field. This approach tries to introduce religion as a social institution with certain problems and dimensions. The elementary form is one of the perfect instances of such approach. In this book durkheim toies, with reference to the finding of anthropologists to introduce one of the primitive religions, totemism according to which religion is nothing other than the manifestation of the wish. Of people and all religious rules possess social function and their goal is to consolidate  the spirit of solidarity among the members of society. The ideas of religious studies it also criticises his idea the nature and function of religion. Key words: religions, sociological approach to religion, Durkheim, Sociologyk of religion. 2005 12 01 197 229 http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1780-en.pdf
58-1781 2024-03-29 10.1002
A Research Quarterly in Islamic Theology (kalam) and Religious Studies 2008-9481 2008-9481 doi 2005 1 3 The part by theological thoughts in Muslim’s historiography   Theological thoughts can be surely traced in Muslim’s historiography. Three Shi‘ite historical works including al-Irshad By Sheikh Tusi, A‘alam al-Vara by Tabarsi and Kashf al-ghomma by Irbali have been brought into consideration in a case study method and consequently, it has been concluded that the works are made up of a mixture of theological trends and historiographical methods. When compiling their historical works, the authors have been under the influence of their theological thoughts with or without intention in various cases.   Key words: theology, historiography, al-Irshad, A‘alam al-Vara, Kashf al-ghomma.   2005 12 01 231 259 http://andishe.maaref.ac.ir/article-1-1781-en.pdf